Male Infertility ⋆

Jarow JP Sharlip ID Belker AM Lipshultz LI Sigman M Thomas AJ . Best practice policies for male infertility. The Journal of Urology 2002;167 (5): 2138–44.

Irvine DS . Epidemiology and aetiology of male infertility. Human Reproduction 1998;13 (April (Suppl. 1)): 33–44.

Jarow JP Espeland MA Lipshultz LI . Evaluation of the azoospermic patient. Journal of Urology 1989;142 (1): 62–5.

Maya-Nunez G Zenteno JC Ulloa-Aguirre A Kofman-Alfaro S Mendez JP . A recurrent missense mutation in the KAL gene in patients with X-linked Kallmann's syndrome. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 1998;83: 1650–3.

Sato N Katsumata N Kagami M Hasegawa T Hori N Kawakita S . Clinical assessment and mutation analysis of Kallmann syndrome (KAL1) and fibroblast growth factor receptor1 (FGFR1, or KAL2) in five families and 18 sporadic patients. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2004;89: 1079–88.

Foresta C Ferlin A Gianaroli L Dallapiccola B . Guidelines for the appropriate use of genetic tests in infertile couples. European Journal of Human Genetics 2002;10: 303–12.

Van Assche E Bonduelle M Tournaye H Joris H Verheyen G Devroey P . Cytogenetics of infertile men. Human Reproduction 1996;11: 1–24.

Oates RD Silber S Brown LG Page DC . Clinical characterization of 42 oligospermic or azoospermic men with microdeletion of the AZFc region of the Y chromosome, and of 18 children conceived via ICSI. Human Reproduction 2002;17 (11): 2813–24.

Brandell RA Mielnik A Liotta D Ye Z Veeck LL Palermo GD Schlegel PN . AZFb deletions predict the absence of spermatozoa with testicular sperm extraction: Preliminary report of a prognostic genetic test. Human Reproduction 1998; 13 (October (10)): 2812–5.

Blagosklonova O Fellmann F Clavequin MC Roux C Bresson JL . AZFa deletions in Sertoli cell-only syndrome: A retrospective study. Molecular Human Reproduction 2000;6 (9): 795–9.

Hopps CV Mielnik A Goldstein M Palermo GD Rosenwaks Z Schlegel PN . Detection of sperm in men with Y chromosome microdeletions of the AZFa, AZFb and AZFc regions. Human Reproduction 2003;18 (8): 1660–5.

Oates RD . Clinical and diagnostic features of patients with suspected Klinefelter syndrome. Journal of Andrology 2003;24 (1): 49–50.

Visootsak J Graham JM Jr Klinefelter syndrome and other sex chromosomal aneuploidies. Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2006; 1: 42.

Swerdlow AJ Schoemaker MJ Higgins CD Wright AF Jacobs PA. UK Clinical Cytogenetics Group. Cancer incidence and mortality in men with Klinefelter syndrome: A cohort study. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 2005;97 (16): 1204–10.

Schiff JD Palermo GD Veeck LL Goldstein M Rosenwaks Z Schlegel PN . Success of testicular sperm injection and intracytoplasmic sperm injection in men with Klinefelter syndrome. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2005;90: 6263–7.

Okada H Goda K Yamamoto Y Sofikitis N Miyagawa I Mio Y . Age as a limiting factor for successful sperm retrieval in patients with nonmosaic Klinefelter's syndrome. Fertility and Sterility 2005;84 (6): 1662–4.

El-Dahtory F Elsheikha HM . Male infertility related to an aberrant karyotype, 47XYY: Four case reports. Cases Journal 2009;2 (January (1)): 28.

Dohle GR Halley DJ Van Hemel JO van den Ouwel AM Pieters MH Weber RF Govaerts LC . Genetic risk factors in infertile men with severe oligozoospermia and azoospermia. Human Reproduction 2002;17 (January (1)): 13–6.

Nuti F Krausz C . Gene polymorphisms/mutations relevant to abnormal spermatogenesis. Reproductive Biomedicine Online 2008;16 (April (4)): 504–13.

Goldstein M Eid JF . Elevation of intratesticular and scrotal skin surface temperature in men with varicocele. Journal of Urology 1989;142 (3): 743–5.

Kolon FT Patel PR Huff SD . Cryptorchidism: Diagnosis, treatment and long-term prognosis. Urologic Clinics of North America 2004;31: 469–80.

Grasso M Buonaguidi A Lania C . Postpubertal cryptorchidism: Review and evaluation of fertility. European Urology 1991;20: 126–8.

Lee P . Fertility in cryptorchidism: Does treatment make a difference? Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America 1993;22: 479–90.

Hadziselimovic F Zivkovic D Bica DTG Emmons LR . The importance of mini-puberty for fertility in cryptochidism. Journal of Urology 2005;174: 1536–9.

Giwercman A Bruun E Frimodt-Moller C Skakkebaek NE . Prevalence of carcinoma in situ and other histopathological abnormalities in testes of men with a history of cryptorchidism. Journal of Urology 1989;142 (October (4)): 998–1001.

Hadziselimovic F . Cryptochidism, its impact on male fertility. European Urology 2002;41: 121–3.

Ringdahl E Teague L . Testicular torsion. American Family Physician 2006;74 (November (10)): 1739–43.

Raman JD Nobert CF Goldstein M . Increased incidence of testicular cancer in men presenting with infertility and abnormal semen analysis. The Journal of urology 2005;174: 1819–22.

Mancini M Carmignani L Gazzano G Sagone P Gadda F Bosari S . High prevalence of testicular cancer in azoospermic men without spermatogenesis. Human Reproduction (Oxford, England) 2007;22: 1042–6.

Olesen IA Hoei-Hansen CE Skakkebaek NE Petersen JH Meyts E Rajpert-De Jørgensen N . Testicular carcinoma in situ in subfertile Danish men. International Journal of Andrology 2007;30: 406–11.

Nathanson KL Kanetsky PA Hawes R Vaughn DJ Letrero R Tucker K . The Y deletion gr/gr and susceptibility to testicular germ cell tumor. American Journal of Human Genetics 2005;77: 1034–43.

Youngren KK Coveney D Peng XN Bhattacharya C Schmidt LS Nickerson ML . The Ter mutation in the dead end gene causes germ cell loss and testicular germ cell tumours. Nature 2005;435: 360–4.

Bohring C Krause W . Immune infertility: Towards a better understanding of sperm (auto)-immunity. The value of proteomic analysis. Human Reproduction 2003;18 (May (5)): 915–24.

Hendry WF . Azoospermia and surgery for testicular obstruction. In: Hargreave TB , editor. Male infertility. Berlin: Springer-Verlag; 1997. p. 319–36.

Grangeia A Niel F Carvalho F Fernandes S Ardalan A Girodon E . Characterization of cystic fibrosis conductance transmembrane regulator gene mutations and IVS8 poly(T) variants in Portuguese patients with congenital absence of the vas deferens. Human Reproduction 2004;19 (11): 2502–8.

Oates RD . The genetic basis of male reproductive failure. Urologic Clinics of North America 2008;35 (2): 257–70.

McCallum T Milunsky J Munarriz R Carson R Sadeghi-Nejad H Oates R . Unilateral renal agenesis associated with congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens: Phenotypic findings and genetic considerations. Human Reproduction 2001;16 (2): 282–8.

Smith JF Walsh TJ Turek PJ . Ejaculatory duct obstruction. Urologic Clinics of North America 2008;35 (2): 221–7.

Ohl DA Quallich SA Sønksen J Brackett NL Lynne CM . Anejaculation and retrograde ejaculation. Urologic Clinics of North America 2008;35 (May (2)): 211–20.

Agarwal A Bragais FM Sabanegh E . Assessing sperm function. Urologic Clinics of North America 2008;35 (May (2)): 157–71.

Han TS Bouloux PM . What is the optimal therapy for young males with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism? Clinical Endocrinology (Oxford) 2010;72 (June (6)): 731–7.

Whitten SJ Nangia AK Kolettis PN . Select patients with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism may respond to treatment with clomiphene citrate. Fertility and Sterility 2006;86 (6): 1664–8.

Vicari E . Effectiveness and limits of antimicrobial treatment on seminal leukocyte concentration and related reactive oxygen species production in patients with male accessory gland infection. Human Reproduction 2000;15 (December (12)): 2536–44.

Lee R Li PS Schlegel PN Goldstein M . Reassessing reconstruction in the management of obstructive azoospermia: Reconstruction or sperm acquisition? Urologic Clinics of North America 2008;35 (May (2)): 289–301.

Belker AM Thomas AJ Fuchs EF Konnak JW Sharlip ID . Results of 1,469 microsurgical vasectomy reversals by the Vasovasostomy Study Group. Journal of Urology 1991;145 (3): 505–11.

Ramasamy R Schlegel PN . Vasectomy and vasectomy reversal: An update. International Journal of Urology 2011;27 (January (1)): 92–7.

Kolettis PN . Restructuring reconstructive techniques-advances in reconstructive techniques. Urologic Clinics of North America 2008;35 (May (2)): 229–34.

Smith JF Walsh TJ Turek PJ . Ejaculatory duct obstruction. Urologic Clinics of North America 2008;35 (May (2)): 221–7.

Diegidio P Jhaveri JK Ghannam S Pinkhasov R Shabsigh R Fisch H . Review of current varicocelectomy techniques and their outcomes. BJU International 2011;108 (October (7)): 1157–72.

Khera M Lipshultz LI . Evolving approach to the varicocele. Urologic Clinics of North America 2008;35 (May (2)): 183–9.

Richardson I Grotas AB Nagler H . Outcomes of varicocelectomy treatment: An updated critical analysis. Urologic Clinics of North America 2008;35 (May (2)): 191–209.

Argawal A Deepinder F Cocuzza M Argawal R Short RA Sabanegh E Marmar JL . Efficacy of varicocelectomy in improving semen parameters: New meta-analytical approach. Urology 2007;70: 532–8.

Evers JL Collinsa JA . Surgery or embolisation for varicocele in subfertile men. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2004;3: CD000479.

Ficarra V Cerruto MA Liguori G Mazzoni G Minucci S Tracia A Gentile V . Treatment of varicocele in subfertile men: The Cochrane review – a contrary opinion. European Urology 2006;49 (February (2)): 258–63.

Jungwirth A Diemer T Dohle GR Giwercman A Kopa Z Krausz C Tournaye H . European association of urology (EAU) guidelines on male infertility; 2012. http://www.uroweb.org/gls/pdf/15_MaleInfertility_LR%2011.pdf.

Schlegel PN . Testicular sperm extraction: Microdissection improves sperm yield with minimal tissue excision. Human Reproduction 1999;14 (1): 131–5.

Amer M Ateyah A Hany R Zohdy W . Prospective comparative study between microsurgical and conventional testicular sperm extraction in non-obstructive azoospermia: Follow-up by serial ultrasound examinations. Human Reproduction 2000;15 (3): 653–6.

Silber SJ . Microsurgical TESE and the distribution of spermatogenesis in non-obstructive azoospermia. Human Reproduction 2000;15 (11): 2278–84.

Tsujimura A Matsumiya K Miyagawa Y Tohda A Miura H Nishimura K . Conventional multiple or microdissection testicular sperm extraction: A comparative study. Human Reproduction 2002;17: 2924–9.

Ramasamy R Yagan N Schlegel PN . Structural and functional changes to the testis after conventional versus microdissection testicular sperm extraction. Urology 2005;65: 1190–4.

Kalsi J Thum MY Muneer A Abdullah H Minhas S . In the era of micro-dissection sperm retrieval (m-TESE) is an isolated testicular biopsy necessary in the management of men with non-obstructive azoospermia? BJU International 2012;109 (February (3)): 418–24.

Okada H Dobashi M Yamazaki T Hara I Fujisawa M Arakawa S . Conventional versus microdissection testicular sperm extraction for nonobstructive azoospermia. Journal of Urology 2002;168 (3): 1063–7.

Giorgetti C Chinchole JM Hans E Charles O Franquebalme JP Glowaczower E . Crude cumulative delivery rate following ICSI using intentionally frozen-thawed testicular spermatozoa in 51 men with non-obstructive azoospermia. Reproductive Biomedicine Online 2005;11 (September (3)): 319–24.

Matyas S Papp G Kovacs P Balogh I Rajczy K Kopa Z . Intracytoplasmic injection with motile and immotile frozen-thawed testicular spermatozoa. Andrologia 2005;35: 25–8.

Huang FJ Chang SY Tsai MY Kung FT Lin YC Wu JF . Clinical implication of intracytoplasmic injection using cryopreserved testicular spermatozoa from men with azoospermia. Journal of Reproductive Medicine 2000;45: 310–6.

Ishikawa T Shiotani M Izumi Y Hashimoto H Kokeguchi S Goto S . Fertilization and pregnancy using cryopreserved testicular sperm for intracytoplasmic sperm injection with azoospermia. Fertility and Sterility 2009;92 (July (1)): 174–9.

Chan PT Schlegel PN . Nonobstructive azoospermia. Current Opinion in Urology 2000;10: 617–24.

Wald M Niederberger CS Ross LS . Surgical sperm retrieval for assisted reproduction. Minerva Ginecologica 2004;56: 217–22.

Desai N AbdelHafez F Sabanegh E Goldfarb J . Paternal effect on genomic activation, clinical pregnancy and live birth rate after ICSI with cryopreserved epididymal versus testicular spermatozoa. Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology 2009;7: 142.

Osmanagaoglu K Tournaye H Kolibianakis E Camus M Van Steirteghem A Devroey P . Cumulative delivery rates after ICSI in women aged >37 years. Human Reproduction 2002;17 (April (4)): 940–4.

Nilsson S Edvinsson A Nilsson B . Improvement of semen and pregnancy rate after ligation and division of the internal spermatic vein: Fact or fiction? British Journal of Urology 1979;51: 591–6.

Breznik R Vlaisavljevic V Borko E . Treatment of varicocele and male fertility. Archives of Andrology 1993;30: 157–60.

Madgar I Weissenberg R Karasik A Goldwasser B Lunenfeld B . Controlled trial of high spermatic vein ligation for varicocele in infertile men. Fertility and Sterility 1995;63: 120–4.

Yamamoto M Hibi H Hirata Y Miyake K Ishigaki T . Effect of varicocelectomy on sperm parameters and pregnancy rate in patients with subclinical varicocele: A randomized prospective controlled study. Journal of Urology 1996;155: 1636–8.

Nieschlag E Hertle L Fischedick A Abshagen K Behre HM . Update on treatment of varicocele: Counselling as effective as occlusion of the vena spermatica. Human Reproduction 1998;13: 2147–50.