This study examines the relationship between daily weather and daily shopping patterns. The weather construct is operationalised using data from the National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, whilst the shopping data is a shopper count from a major shopping centre. Results from a multiple regression analysis suggest that the most tangible weather variables (rainfall and temperature) provide cues for shopping decisions. Possible linkages between weather, mood, and behaviour are discussed as an alternative to the physical deterrents / inducements explanation of this association.
AakerD.A.StaymanD.M.HagertyM.R.Warmth in AdvertisingJournal of Consumer Research121986365–381
2.
AlbertPaul S.RosenLeora N.AlexanderJoseph R.RosenthalNorman E.Effect of Daily Variation in Weather and Sleep on Seasonal Affective DisorderPsychiatry Research36199151–63
3.
ArmstrongJ. ScottBrodieRoderick J.ParsonsAndrew G.Hypotheses in Marketing Science: Literature Review and Publication AuditMarketing Letters122001171–187
4.
BabinBarry J.DardenWilliam R.Good and Bad Shopping Vibes: Spending and Patronage SatisfactionJournal of Business Research351996201–206
5.
BagozziRichard P.GopinathMaheshNyerPrashanth U.The Role of Emotions in MarketingJournal of the Academy of Marketing Science271999184–206
6.
BanzigerGeorgeOwensKarenGeophysical Variables and Behavior: II. Weather Factors as Predictors of Local Social Indicators of Maladaptation in Two Non-Urban AreasPsychological Reports431978427–434
7.
BelkR.Situational Variables and Consumer BehaviourJournal of Consumer Research21975157–164
8.
BellPaul A.Physiological, Comfort, Performance, and Social Effects of Heat StressJournal of Social Issues37198171–94
9.
BellPaul ABaronRobert A.Aggression and Heat: The Mediating Role of Negative AffectJournal of Applied Social Psychology6197618–30
10.
BellPaul A.BaronRobert A.Aggression and Heat: The Influence of Ambient Temperature, Negative Affect, and a Cooling Drink on Physical AggressionJournal of Personality and Social Psychology331976245–255
11.
BellPaul ABaronRobert A.Aggression and Ambient Temperature: The Facilitating and Inhibiting Effects of Hot and Cold EnvironmentsBulletin of the Psychonomic Society91977443–445
12.
BrandstatterHermannFruhwirthMartinKirchlerErichEffects of Weather and Air Pollution on Mood: An Individual Difference ApproachCantorD.JesuinoJ.Environmental and Social Psychology, NATO ASI Series, Series D, Behavioral and Social Sciences, 451988Kluwer Academic PublishersDordrecht149–159
13.
CawthorneChristopher P.Weather as a Strategic Element in Demand Chain PlanningThe Journal of Business Forecasting Methods and Systems17199818–21
14.
CawthorneChristopher P.When Weather Influences Whether or Not to ShopChain Store Age74199882
CohnEllen G.The Prediction of Police Calls for Service: The Influence of Weather and Temporal Variables on Rape and Domestic ViolenceJournal of Environmental Psychology13199371–83
18.
CunninghamMichael R.Weather, Mood, and Helping Behavior: Quasi Experiments with the Sunshine SamaritanJournal of Personality and Social Psychology3719791947–1956
19.
DonovanRRossiterJ.Store Atmosphere: An Environmental Psychology ApproachJournal of Retailing58198234–57
20.
FoxFrederick D.Managing the Impact of WeatherRetail Control61199314–18
21.
FriestadM. and ThorsonE., 1986. Emotion-Eliciting Advertising. In: LutzR. (Ed.) Advances in Consumer Research XIII. Association for Consumer Research, Provo. UT111–116.
22.
GardnerMeryl P.Mood States and Consumer Behavior: A Critical ReviewJournal of Consumer Research121985281–300
23.
GardnerMeryl P.HillRonald P.Consumers Mood States: Antecedents and Consequences of Experiential versus Informational Strategies for Brand ChoicePsychology and Marketing51988169–182
24.
GoldsteinKenneth M.Weather, Mood, and Internal-External ControlPerceptual and Motor Skills351972786
25.
GroenlandEdward A.G.SchoormansJan P.L.Comparing Mood-Induction and Affective Conditioning as Mechanisms Influencing Product Evaluation and Product ChoicePsychology and Marketing111994183–197
26.
HartnettMichaelRetail Planners Buffeted by Storm CloudsSunny Skies. Discount Store News37199817
27.
HawkinsDel I.BestRoger J.ConeyKenneth A.Consumer Behaviour: Implications for Marketing Strategy1989Richard D. Irwin, Inc.Boston, MA
28.
HolbrookM.B.O'ShaughnessyJohnThe Role of Emotion in AdvertisingPsychology and Marketing1198445–64
29.
HowarthE.HoffmanM.S.A Multidimensional Approach to the Relationship Between Mood and WeatherBritish Journal of Psychology75198415–23
30.
JobsonJ.D.Applied Multivariate Data Analysis: I: Regression and Experimental Design1991Springer-VerlagNew York
31.
JorgensonDale O.Perceived Causal Influences of Weather: Rating the Weather's Influence on Affective States and BehaviorsEnvironment and Behavior131981239–256
32.
JorgensonDale O.Superstition and the Perceived Causal Influence of the WeatherPerceptual and Motor Skills521981111–114
33.
MayerJohn D.GaschkeYvonne N.BravermanDebra L.EvansTemperance W.Mood-Congruent Judgment is a General EffectJournal of Personality and Social Psychology631992119–132
34.
MooradianTodd A.Shopping Motives and the Five-Factor Model: An Integration and Preliminary StudyPsychological Reports781996579–592
35.
PasqualinaMarcoThe Weather as a Business ToolAmerican Demographics20199812–17
36.
PawlikKurtBuseLotharPsychometeorology: A Critical View of Time-Series Analyses of the Influence of the Weather on the PsychePsychologische Rundschau45199463–78
37.
PersingerMichael A.Geophysical Models for Parapsychological ExperiencesPsychoenergetic Systems1197563–74
38.
PersingerMichael A.LevesqueB.F.Geophysical Variables and Behavior: XII. The Weather Matrix Accommodates Large Portions of Variance of Measured Daily MoodPerceptual and Motor Skills571983868–870
39.
PettyRichard E. and CacioppoJohn T.1983. Central and Peripheral Routes to Persuasion: Application to Advertising. In: PercyL. and WoodsideA. (eds.) Advertising and Consumer Psychology.Lexington, MA: 3–23.
40.
ReeseH.H.The Significance of the Meteorological Environment in the Etiology of Psychotic EpisodesJournal of the Mount Sinai Hospital91942717–733
41.
RindBruceEffects of Beliefs About Weather Conditions on TippingJournal of Applied Social Psychology261996137–147
42.
RobbinsMichael C.DeWaltBillie R.PeltoPertti J.Climate and Behavior: A Biocultural StudyJournal of Cross-Cultural Psychology31972331–334
43.
SandersJeffrey L.BrizzolaraMary S.Relationships Between Weather and MoodJournal of General Psychology1071982155–156
44.
SchneiderFrank W.LeskoWayne A.GarrettWilliam A.Helping Behaviour in Hot, Comfortable, and Cold Temperatures: A Field StudyEnvironment & Behaviour121980231–240
45.
ShermanE.SmithR.B.Mood States of Shoppers and Store Image: Promising Interactions and Possible Behavioral EffectsAndersonP.Advances in Consumer Research, 141986Association for Consumer ResearchProvo, UT251–254
46.
ShermanElaineMathurAnilSmithRuth BelkStore Environment and Consumer Purchase Behaviour: Mediating Role of Consumer EmotionsPsychology and Marketing141997361–378
47.
SherretsStevenWeather and Human ConceptionPsychological Reports4419791241–1242
48.
SinclairRobert C.MarkMelvin M.CloreGerald L.Mood-related Persuasion Depends on (Mis)AttributionsSocial Cognition121994309–326
49.
SwinyardWilliam R.The Effects of Mood, Involvement, and Quality of Store Experience on Shopping IntentionsJournal of Consumer Research201993271–280
50.
SwinyardWilliam RHow Customer Mood, Involvement, and Store Experiences Affect Shopping IntentionsStores7619949–10