BornsteinNMNorrisJW. Management of patients with asymptomatic neck bruits and carotid stenosis. Neurol Clin1992;10:269–79
2.
BuntTJHaynesJL. Carotid endarterectomy: one solution to the stroke problem. Am Surg1985;51:61–9
3.
CormanLC. Strokes and the carotid: myths and realities. Geriatrics1990;45:28–32
4.
HindmanBJ. Perioperative stroke: the noncardiac surgery patient. In: HindmanBJ, ed. Neurological and psychological complications of surgery and anesthesia.Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1986:101–34
5.
WongDHW. Perioperative stroke. Part I: General surgery, carotid artery disease and carotid endarterectomy. Can J Anaesth1991;38:347–73
6.
North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial Collaborators.Beneficial effect of carotid endarterectomy in symptomatic patients with high-grade carotid stenosis. N Engl J Med1991;325:445–53
7.
MattosMAHodgsonKJLondreyGL. Carotid endarterectomy: operative risks, recurrent stenosis, and long-term stroke rates in a modern series. J Cardiovasc Surg1992;33:387–400
8.
GerratyRPGatesPCDoyleJC. Carotid stenosis and perioperative stroke risk in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients undergoing vascular or coronary surgery. Stroke1993;24:1115–8
9.
The CASANOVA Study Group.Carotid surgery versus medical therapy in asymptomatic carotid stenosis. Stroke1991;22:1229–35
10.
MerrickNJFinkABrookRH. Indications for selected medical and surgical procedures—a literature review and ratings of appropriateness: carotid endarterectomy.Santa Monica, Calif.: Rand Corp., 1986:R-3204/6-CWF/HF/PMT/RWJ
11.
MatcherDBGoldsteinLBMcCroryDC. Carotid endarterectomy: a literature review and ratings of appropriateness and necessity.Santa Monica, Calif.: Rand Corp.1992:JRA-05
12.
BarnettHJM. Carotid endarterectomy for asymptomatic carotid stenosis. N Engl J Med1993;328:276–9
13.
TurnipseedWDBerkoffHABelzerFO. Postoperative stroke in cardiac and peripheral vascular disease. Ann Surg1980;192:365–8
14.
RopperAHWechslerLRWilsonLS. Carotid bruit and the risk of stroke in elective surgery. N Engl J Med1982;307:1388–90
15.
HartRHindmanB. Mechanisms of perioperative cerebral infarction. Stroke1982;13:766–73
16.
BarnesRW. Asymptomatic carotid disease in patients undergoing major cardiovascular operations: can prophylactic endarterectomy be justified?Ann Thorac Surg1986;42:S36–40
17.
Health and Public Policy Committee American College of Physicians.Position paper. Diagnostic evaluation of the carotid arteries. Ann Intern Med1988;109:835–7
18.
HobsonRWWeissDGFieldsWS. Efficacy of carotid endarterectomy for asymptomatic carotid stenosis. N Engl J Med1993;328:221–7
19.
WinslowCMSolomonDHChassinMRKosecoffJMerrickNJBrookRH. The appropriateness of carotid endarterectomy. N Engl J Med1988;318:721–7
20.
UK-TIA Study Group.Variation in the use of angiography and carotid endarterectomy by neurologists in the UK-TIA aspirin trial. BMJ1983;286:514–7
21.
BrottTThalingerK. The practice of carotid endarterectomy in a large metropolitan area. Stroke1984;15:950–5
22.
NorrisJWZhuCZBornsteinNMChambersBR. Vascular risks of asymptomatic carotid stenosis. Stroke1991;22:1485–90
23.
ChambersBRNorrisJW. Outcome in patients with asymptomatic neck bruits. N Engl J Med1986;315:860–5
24.
HertzerNRFlanaganRAJO'HaraPJBevenEG. Surgical versus nonoperative treatment of asymptomatic carotid stenosis: 290 patients documented by intravenous angiography. Ann Surg1986;204:163–71
25.
Asymptomatic Carotid Atherosclerosis Study Group.Clinical advisory: carotid endarterectomy for patients with asymptomatic internal carotid artery stenosis. Stroke1994;25:2523–4
26.
ParikhSCohenJR. Perioperative stroke after general surgical procedures. NY State J Med1993;93:162–5
27.
EastonJDShermanDG. Stroke and mortality rate in carotid endarterectomy: 228 consecutive operations. Stroke1977;8:565–8
28.
FessatidisIPrapasSHavasA. Prevention of perioperative neurologic dysfunction. A six year perspective of cardiac surgery. J Cardiovasc Surg1991;32:570–4
29.
BlossomGBFietsamRBassettJSGloverJLBendickPJ. Characteristics of cerebrovascular accidents after coronary artery bypass grafting. Am Surg1992;58:584–9
30.
LandercasperJMerzBJCogbillTH. Perioperative stroke risk in 173 consecutive patients with a past history of stroke. Arch Surg1990;125:986–9
31.
FurlanAJCraciunAR. Right of stroke during coronary artery bypass graft surgery in patients with internal carotid artery disease documented by angiography. Stroke1985;16:797–9
32.
ReedGLSingerDEPicardEHDeSanctisRW. Stroke following coronary-artery bypass surgery: a case-control estimate of the risk from carotid bruits. N Engl J Med1988;319:1246–50
33.
HarrisEJMonetaGLYeagerRATaylorLMPorterJM. Neurologic deficits following noncarotid vascular surgery. Am J Surg1992;163:537–40
34.
BeebeHGClagettGPDeWeeseJA. Assessing risk associated with carotid endarterectomy. A statement for health professionals by an Ad Hoc Committee on Carotid Surgery, Standards of the Stroke Council, American Heart Association. Stroke1989;20:314–5
35.
KerrA. Anaesthesia with profound hypotension for middle ear surgery. Br J Anaesth1977;49:447–52
AHA Emergency Cardiac Care Committee and Subcommittees.Guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiac care. Part III—adult advanced cardiac life support. JAMA1992;268:2199–241
42.
HankeyGJWarlowCPSellarRJ. Cerebral angiographic risk in mild cerebrovascular disease. Stroke1990;21:209–22
43.
MurryDS. Post-traumatic thrombosis of the internal carotid and vertebral arteries after non-penetrating injuries of the neck. Br J Surg1956;44:556–61
44.
RobinsonR. Restitution of internal carotid artery. Lancet1961;2:52–3
45.
YamadaSKindtGWYoumansJR. Carotid artery occlusion due to nonpenetrating injury. J Trauma1967;7:333–42
46.
KochWM. Complications of surgery of the neck. In: EiseleDW, ed. Complications in head and neck surgery.St. Louis: Mosby—Year Book, Inc., 1992:393–422
47.
ThompsonJE. Complications of carotid endarterectomy and their prevention. World J Surg1979;3:155–65
48.
HertzerNRBevenEGGreenstreetRLHumphriesAW. Internal carotid back pressure, intraoperative shunting, ulcerated atheromata, and the incidence of stroke during carotid endarterectomy. Surgery1978;83:306–12
49.
CorsonJDChangBBShahDMLeatherRPDeLeoBMKarmodyAM. The influence of anesthetic choice on carotid endarterectomy outcome. Arch Surg1987;122:807–12
50.
GablemanDGGannDSAshworthCJCarneyWI. One hundred consecutive carotid reconstructions: local versus general anesthesia. Am J Surg1983;145:477–82
51.
PeitzmanABWebsterMWLoubeauJGrundyBLBahnsonHT. Carotid endarterectomy under regional (conductive) anesthesia. Ann Surg1982;196:59–64
52.
GomezCR. Carotid plaque morphology and risk for stroke. Stroke1990;21:148–51
53.
SumnerDSSpadoneDEColganMP. Duplex scanning and spectral analysis of carotid artery disease. In: ErnstCBStanleyJC, ed. Current therapy in vascular surgery.Philadelphia: BC Decker, Inc., 1991:9–14