Aspirin Intoxication in a Child Associated with Myocardial Necrosis: Is this a Drug-related Lesion?

Abstract

A 5-year-old girl with a mild upper airways infection was admitted to the hospital because of sudden vomiting and drowsiness that evolved to stupor; she was dehydrated, hypotensive, and tachypneic; laboratory tests revealed noncompensated lactic acidosis. She also had hypoglycemia followed by hyperglycemia, and progressive bradycardia leading to reversible cardiac arrest. Her clinical condition complicated by sinus bradycardia, ventricular tachycardia, third-degree atrioventricular blockage and lethal asystole. At the final stage of her illness, the serum salicylate concentration was 383.8 mcg/mL. Based on this single data, a retrospective toxicological analysis estimated a theoretical peak level of serum salicylate of approximately 1570 mcg/mL (therapeutic range, 20–250 mcg/mL) although the real amount of aspirin that this child ingested is difficult to calculate because aspirin is a drug that shows a so-called zero order kinetics. At autopsy, the most striking finding was multiple foci of coagulative necrosis involving the entire thickness of the myocardium with scant inflammatory infiltrate composed mainly of macrophages and polymorphonuclear leukocytes. The morphologic characteristics of the myocardial lesion in addition to salicylate blood levels suggests the possibility of an adverse drug reaction of the type acute toxic myocarditis.