32:T4df,

Thailand is a world biodiversity hotspot with 176 known snake species. However, anthropogenic influences on snakes associated with growing human populations are poorly understood. Aquatic funnel traps (AFTs) are in widespread use in agricultural areas throughout Thailand, and they have the ability to collect large quantities of by-catch, including snakes. During an on-going study on the human-snake conflict we found, using radio-telemetry, one of our radio-tracked Bungarus candidus (Malayan Krait) individuals dead on 13 October 2015. We had tracked the individual for only 14 days before finding it decapitated 10 m from a villager's house. Upon interviewing the owner, we discovered that the snake had been found dead in a fishing trap, in a man-made irrigation canal located 65 m southeast from his house. Our observation is the first documented case of incidental mortality among upland-dwelling snakes as a result of aquatic trapping in Thailand, and may have implications throughout Southeast Asia. This report suggests fishing traps may be another source of mortality for snakes in human-dominated landscapes, and that further studies may reveal significant rates of terrestrial by-catch in agricultural canals.

33:T46e,

The montane forests of south-eastern Nigeria are of immense conservation value due to their high levels of biodiversity and endemism. Yet despite increasing anthropogenic disturbance and forest fragmentation, little is known about the genetics of resident tree populations. We used a set of conserved chloroplast simple sequence repeat (SSR) primers to quantify and directly compare genetic diversity in three tree species: Cordia millenii, West African Cordia; Entandrophragma angolense, tiama mahogany; and Lovoa trichilioides, African walnut, within a single montane forest. Additionally, we assessed the diversity of West African Cordia between forests at a local and regional scale. Results indicate that for our focal loci, in all three species, there is a general lack of chloroplast genetic diversity. Our study is particularly relevant because it considers genetic diversity among multiple tree species simultaneously. This work represents the first study of its kind in the region, and will pioneer the way for future conservation genetic studies in montane Nigeria.

34:T4d4,

Islands are natural laboratories for evolutionary studies due to their small areas, structural complexity (compared to continents), and their different degrees of isolation. The present study involved four distinct areas, one continental and three insular, on the southern coast of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. These islands were formed by coastal flooding at the end of the last glacial maximum, approximately 10 thousand years ago. We investigated acoustic parameters in the advertisement call of the green tree frog, Aplastodiscus eugenioi (Hylidae), looking for variations that could be associated with geographic isolation in the insular populations. We measured six acoustic parameters of the advertisement calls of 59 males, 15 specimens from the continent and 44 from the islands. We found significant variation in acoustic parameters within the population from ***Ilha de Itacuruçá, suggesting that isolation, despite the relatively short period, favored differentiation of acoustical parameters. In fact, call evolution may involve a series of changes in both females and males in a synchronous way, so that the signal producer and receiver can behave accordingly for successful reproduction.

35:T5a1,