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Russell's failure to provide his movement with a clear authority structure together with the disappointment of 1914 led to central and local schisms after his death, in which informal elites in the movement struggled for power. Russell's movement split into different groups, each emphasising a part of his message. The Pastoral Bible Institute catered for the introversionist perspective of individual character development and contemplative study ; the Laymen's Home Missionary Movement emphasised the exegetical and doctrinal complexity purveyed by a charismatic leader; the Watch Tower Society under Rutherford concentrated on evangelis ation and en passant a rigid, centrally controlled sect struc ture ; and finally the Dawn Bible Student Association catered for those elements in Russell's following who eschewed the extremes and moved towards a denominational position. Rutherford, through the Watch Tower Society, succeeded in changing all aspects of the sect from 1919 to 1932 and created the Jehovah's Witnesses — a schismatic offshoot from the Bible student community. The subsequent develop ment of the Jehovah's Witnesses and Bible student groups is used to illustrate a number of central sociological issues.

26:T453,

Cet article passe en revue et analyse les principales ten- dances qui se sont manifestées au cours du développement de la branche américaine du mouvement de La Tour de Garde depuis la mort de J.F. Rutheford. L'Auteur est particulièrement attentif à l'évolution des relations entre le mouvement et les autorités séculières. Il accorde également une attention particulière aux adaptations structurelles et normatives liées à l'expansion extrêmement accélérée du mouvement au cours des dernières décades, aux efforts en vue de revivifier son option millénariste, à ses tentatives persistantes pour maintenir sa différenciation à l'égard de l'ordre séculier.

L'analyse révèle que le mouvement a subi des change ments importants de style, sans toutefois abandonner son identité sectaire fondamentale. Il a atténué son opposition au monde et ses caractéristiques de «groupe con f lictuel » pour apparaître davantage comme un groupe de contraste, «qui n'est pas du monde ».

27:T445,

It was Bryan R. Wilson who once remarked that the Je hovah's witnesses are so much concerned with recruitment that their whole movement is organised essentially towards the work of "publishing the good news " (Wilson, 1967:15). In a sense this remark is somewhat deceptive. The work of " publishing the go