International Migration Review

Refugees: A word that conjures up images of sad-eyed children with bloated bellies in dusty border camps. Refugees. Alexander Solzhenitsyn and his friends at a press conference in Zurich. Refugees. A family of bewildered Vietnamese arriving at a snowy airport in northern Minnesota. Refugees. A group of sullen Cubans behind a cyclone fence on an old army post in Arkansas. Refugees. Two elderly Soviet Jews being lionized at a community center in New Jersey.

This article briefly explores the changing role of the UNHCR and the requirements that must be met to make this role more effective.

This article describes the human and socioeconomic aspects of the political refugee problem before and after World War II, and explains the facts which caused the flows of forced migrations throughout the world.

This article explores three ways in which to solve a refugee problem: voluntary repatriation; integration in the country of refuge; and resettlement in a third country. The two latter cases both presuppose that asylum is granted.

This article extends the analysis of factors affecting refugee outcomes to those areas preceding and succeeding flight. Thus, although the refugee situations may appear unique, the study and analysis of recurring elements offer explanations of the events actually observed and enable one to predict the course which future events may take.

This article highlights the development of new facts and trends concerning asylum to and protection of refugees, especially between 1975 and 1980. Asylum is singled out as the fundamental act of protection and dealt with from its position in international law.

This article employs studies of organizational behavior and of international organizations to propose what limitations may apply and what difficulties lay ahead for organizations, large and small, which deal with refugees.

This article examines the role of the voluntary agencies as intermediary between government policy and refugee assistance. This is explored through the four facets of assistance: advocacy; education; program initiatives; and policy implementation.

An examination of immigration policies shows that Australia modified its White Australia Policy of 1901–1958 to meet the needs of displaced persons and refugees during the past thirty years.

This paper traces types and numbers of refugees to Canada since World War II. As policy and practices have evolved considerably in that period a brief review of key developments precedes the discussion of Canada's response to the current refugee situation.

This article traces the legislative history of the Refugee Act of 1980, identifies the goals Congress intended to achieve, discusses its implementation in relation to the recent influx of Cuban refugees and shows how it can be utilized beneficially in the future.

In almost all of the countries in the world which offer permanent resettlement to refugees, resettlement is accomplished through some combination of the efforts of government and voluntary agencies. This article identifies the elements of resettlement, and the various distributions of responsibility for its accomplishment. By focusing on the Southeast Asian refugee movement to the United States, current and evolving relationships among government and voluntary agencies are illustrated.

The following study of Angolan refugees in Zambia examines the decision-making dynamics of refugee movements, documents a case of extensive self-settlement, describes the background to the refugee movement, and briefly compares the welfare of self-settling refugees and those who are in government schemes.

This paper examines the options for African asylum states in their attempts to support large refugee communities, given the limited resources that most have at their disposal.

This article examines some of the political aspects of refugee rehabilitation in India in the case of the Bengali refugees in Dandakaranya

This article reports on a continuing effort, initiated in late 1977, to understand the experience of Vietnamese fisherfolk who settled in communities on the Gulf Coast, primarily in West Florida, in particular with regard to their relationship to established local fishing interests. ²

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The information presented here was primarily acquired through observation, participant observation and structured and unstructured interviews with refugees, American fishermen, fish house owners, voluntary agency staff, Sea Grant Advisors, Florida Marine Patrolmen, and other members of the communities involved.

This article proposes that the Monitor Model adequately predicts the problem of teaching English as a second language (TESL) to the previously uneducated and can indicate a solution. The basic problem is managerial and does not indicate a lack in the underpinnings of the TESL field. The key is to integrate the ESL program with the larger resettlement program.

This article develops a conceptual framework for examining research and services needed by refugee children in the processes of acculturation.

This article reviews: the studies of observed psychological dysfunction of post-World War II and Hungarian refugees; the complex factors influencing the refugee experience; the sophisticated research methods used in studying Cuban and Indochinese refugees; an examination of treatments employed for different refugee groups and an argument for the use of behavioral descriptions of refugee symptomatology.

This article argues that though a population of refugees may experience the process of assimilation/acculturation as well as that of multiple identity formation with ever changing group boundary maintenance mechanisms, they also experience grief, which accounts for a variety of their individual and collective behaviors.

This article presents a model explaining how refugee communities help their members accept downward occupational mobility usually associated with refugee resettlement. The article describes how refugees shape an image of themselves consistent with the occupational role, while they shape an image of the role consistent with their self-images.

This article focuses on the maintenance, extent and structure of family and community ties among Vietnamese refugees in the United States. The findings from a series of field efforts in northern Virginia indicate the continuing and pervasive importance of both family and community. The family, in particular, extends well beyond the boundaries of the household, and is capable of furnishing significant amounts of emotional and practical support.

This article deals with the following stages of the refugee experience: perception of a threat; decision to flee; the period of extreme danger and flight; reaching safety; camp behavior; repatriation, settlement or resettlement; the early and late stages of resettlement; adjustment and acculturation; and residual states and changes in behavior caused by the refugee experience.