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The use of herbal and other botanical products, including those used extensively in traditional Chinese medicine, has increased dramatically in the last decade. Yet, little scientific research exists concerning their efficacy and safety. We examined the effects of Immune+, a combination of five botanicals frequently used in traditional Chinese medicine, on the production of two cytokines. For this purpose, unstimulated or phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy volunteers were incubated with different concentrations of Immune+. The secretion of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) was measured after 72 hours of incubation. At the highest concentration tested (100µg/ml), Immune+ significantly increased the secretion of IL-1β. Importantly, PHA alone had no effect on IL-1β production, and the combination of PHA with Immune+ resulted in the same increase in IL-1β production as seen with the botanical extract alone. Immune+ did not have any detectable effect on either unstimulated or PHA-stimulated IFN-γ synthesis. These in vitro data support the concept that Immune+ may enhance human immune responses.

26:T4ef,

Lycopene is a bioactive carotenoid present in many fruits and vegetables. Tomatoes constitute the major dietary source of lycopene. Recent evidence shows lycopene to be associated with several health benefits. However, very little information is available about the stability of lycopene and its bioavailability. Because tomatoes undergo extensive processing and storage before consumption, a study was conducted to evaluate the stability, isomeric form, bioavailability, and in vivo antioxidant properties of lycopene. Total lycopene and isomers were measured by spectrophotometry and high-performance liquid chromatography, respectively. Lycopene content of tomatoes remained unchanged during the multistep processing operations for the production of juice or paste and remained stable for up to 12 months of storage at ambient temperature. Moreover, subjecting tomato juice to cooking temperatures in the presence of corn oil resulted in the formation of the cis isomeric form, which was considered to be more bioavailable. Lycopene was absorbed readily from the dietary sources. Serum lipid and low-density lipoprotein oxidation were significantly reduced after the consumption of tomato products containing lycopene.

27:T878,