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Subcutaneous and pulmonary insulin is associated with medical and pharmaceutical complications. Oral insulin mimics physiological glucose regulation with reduced hypoglycemia and coma risks. Nanoparticles are advocated as oral insulin carrier to overcome intestinal absorption barrier. Their insulin bioavailability and blood glucose lowering performances are hampered by inefficient mucus and mucosa transport of nanoparticles. This review discusses critical materials used in oral insulin nanoparticle design to address mucus and mucosa penetrating hurdles. It highlights intestinal receptor targeting, biomimetic virus mimicking, particulate surface charge switching, coat-core detachment, and combination approaches developed through material sciences. Mucus penetration favors particles with hydrophilic/amphiphilic surfaces with no net charges. Mucosa penetration shows a preponderance for hydrophobic or positively charged surfaces with intestinal receptor binding affinity. Materials with switchable physicochemical properties along with mucus-mucosa transit require research exploration, with consideration of their influences on endocytosis, lysosomal escape, exocytosis, and intestinal receptor upregulation.

26:T52b,

Energy storage plays a vital role in sustainable development. Focus on energy storage using phase change materials (PCMs) are of current research hotspot due to high latent heat value. Nevertheless, poor thermal conductivity, supercooling, phase separation, corrosive nature of salt hydrate is of great concern. Distress related to properties of PCM is resolved using nano additives. Major research focus on the dispersion of nano additive with PCM depends on (a) technique of preparing a novel composite PCM; (b) improvement of their thermophysical characteristic; and (c) advanced application for human comfort without polluting the environment. This article presents a critical review of hybridization techniques of metal, carbon and polymer additives on salt hydrate PCMs. To facilitate researchers, the significant variation on thermophysical properties of salt hydrate with nano additives are vitally compared, analysed and critically reviewed. This review article also includes the advanced application of nano additives-based salt hydrate PCMs.

27:T434,

Binary polymer systems provide significant advantages in the preparation of materials used in biomedical applications. To highlight the importance and need of binary