Acta Sociologica

The article discusses the nature and significance of strategies of managing access to fishing territories. The data relate to the indigenous and private strategies used by Icelandic fishermen Such strategies vary with time and with fishing technology. The article discusses changes in the control of access and their implications for the management of information among skippers. Several scholars have reported claims of territoriality among fishermen and have referred to them as manifestations of property rights and ownership. It is argued here that territorial claims should be seen as pragmatic attempts to manage the conduct of fishing

This article deals with the generation and reproduction of informal organ ization on board Norwegian oil installations in the North Sea. The process through which change comes about is considered. After a general discussion of informal organization, the article focuses on the formal organizational set-up and the managerial strategies for control, which provide the frame work or background for the informal organization offshore. Examples from offshore life are utilized to analyse offshore working conditions and to demonstrate the importance of informal organization in the world of North Sea oil. The hierarchical structure of platform organizations is critically reviewed in the concluding section.

It is assumed that it is necessary to change the structure of ownership in order to establish alternative working conditions. The article deals with firms which are owned and controlled by their employees. A companson is made between the organizations of capitalist firms and producer co-operatives in four different respects: participation, learning processes; fundamental con tradictions; general responsibility. The article builds on empirical data from a research project at the Institute of Organization and Industrial Sociology at the Copenhagen School of Economics and Social Science, where a research group, MAREV, has been studying producer co-operatives in Denmark since 1979. Experiences so far have led to some tentative suggestions about the characteristics of producer co-operatives.

This article discusses measures proposed to counteract residential segrega tion. Two fundamentally differing strategies are treated: those aiming at the achievement of a greater degree of social mix in local populations, and those whose primary aim is to compensate areas with limited resources. These two kinds of measures are contrasted and compared on several bases, including their political realism, their sensitivity to political and economic swings, and their social consequences for residents.

The paper reviews the growing interest in preventive health care measures in advanced industrial societies - self care and health education being typical examples. It is argued that health education has an ideological and normative content which reflects the concern of vanous power groups in society.

The paper reminds us of the historical starting point by describing the three dimensions of the household patriarchate After the workplace and the dwelling became segregated, they founded the core of two separate systems. The separation of paid work on the market from unpaid work in the home gradually changed the reproductive relations. The critical learning processes in production and reproduction convey different critical learning processes. The article proceeds to compare the experiences that are built into the way in which production is organized with the message that is transmitted through the unpaid reproductive work. The comparison indicates that the experiences clearly clash with one another point after point This thorough-going conflict raises the questions: what has steered the organization of reproduction? What do the tendencies outlined signify for alternative planning?

In recent times two trends have emerged in society. an increase in state control and collective consumption and a dissolution of traditional norms and values. These processes have led to the formation of various types of grass-roots organizations: single issue organizations, rural community organ izations, urban community organizations. organizations of oppressed cat egories and idealistic organizations A Danish survey of some 100 organ izations from three municipalities shows differences between structure, resources and activities of the organizations, and indicates how the processes mentioned have created the five types of grass-roots organizations The conclusion is that only organizations stressing new norms and alternative social institutions may create any long term changes.

The 1980s have witnessed new Third World developments, Including new patterns of industrialization in certain nations, primarily the so-called Newly Industrializing Countnes. This industrialization has led to an increased export to the western industrialized world of internationally competitive manufactured goods, while the very same industrialization has given rise to an increased demand from the western countries of manufactured goods, primarily capital goods This tendency towards a new International Division of Labour is questioning the prevailing development theories, not least the one based on a dependency notion. The article discusses some of the theoretical and political implications of this new development, notably as related to the notion of 'blocked capital accumulation in the periphery, advocated not least by Samir Amin It is argued that the industrialization pattern in certain Third World nations seems to overcome the 'blocked' situation, perhaps establishing much more inter-linked and 'self-centred' economic structures.

The establishment and direction of sociology as a discipline in Iceland are considered in ways that are pertinent to national conditions The discussion emphasizes. (a) the institutional structure of the educational system, (b) the availability of an appropriate terminology, and (c) the placement of sociology among the existing disciplines. The influence of such general characteristics of Icelandic society as nationalism, the rapid industrialization, and the size of the population, on the definition and development of Icelandic sociology are also considered.