Journal of Criminology

Neglect of the study of collectivities as victims of crime, in particular of the state, has been a major lacuna in victimological research. This article examines the role of the state both as a surrogate and direct victim of crime, focussing on the harm suffered by the state as a victim of white-collar crime. The nature of such harm is examined, as are some of the victimogenic factors which result in the state being probably the most frequent victim of crime.

The Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST) was administered to 129 male and 102 female prison inmates. Use of the usual classification rule for the MAST resulted in 71% and 65% of the samples classified as “alcoholic”, far higher than the incidence of alcoholism in studies which used overseas prisoners. Item analyses conducted with these data, and reconsideration of data from previous New Zealand studies using the MAST, indicate that it is a sound detection instrument. The high incidence of alcoholism here therefore probably reflects the high sensitivity of the MAST by comparison with assessment procedures based on traditional alcoholism criteria, although New Zealand offender groups seem to score higher than comparable overseas offenders and the classification rule may be slightly too liberal. Accordingly, the use of a higher cut-off score seems appropriate when using MAST score in classifying individuals. A higher cut-off score still resulted in around 50–60% of inmates being classified as alcoholics. The likely benefits of rehabilitative efforts within the criminal justice system focusing on alcohol abuse are discussed.