Can Transition to Adult Care for Transplant Recipients Be Improved by Intensified Services While Patients are Still in Pediatrics?

Abstract

Context—

Transferring out of pediatrics is a vulnerable time for transplant recipients. Use of a transition coordinator before and after transfer improves outcomes, although it is unclear whether placing a transition coordinator in pediatrics alone is beneficial.

Objective—

To determine if incorporating a transition coordinator in pediatrics only is associated with stable outcomes for kidney transplant recipients.

Design—

A retrospective chart review was conducted on outcomes for kidney transplant recipients who shifted service location between 2008 and 2012.

Setting—

A pediatric and adult transplant unit.

Patients—

Twenty-two patients transferred during the study period.

Intervention—

Twelve patients received more intensified preparation from the team's social worker, whose role was aligned with a transition coordinator position; 10 patients received standard care.

Main Outcome Measures—

The primary outcome was medication adherence, using a validated measure, standard deviations of tacrolimus blood levels. A standard deviation greater than 2.5 has been established as a threshold associated with poor outcomes such as rejection. Standard deviation of tacrolimus levels was compared for 1 year before and 1 year after transfer.

Results—

Medication adherence worsened from 1 year before (2.03 [SD, 0.75]) to 1 year after transfer (2.95 [SD, 1.38]; t = −3.07, P = .007). A repeated-measures analysis of variance indicated that this pattern was the same for patients who did and patients who did not receive intensified services in pediatrics (F_1,16 = 1.07, P = .32).