Most tourism destinations are affected by seasonality. Seasonal demand causes various problems for local firms and administrations hampering the efficient use of available facilities and the development of local capabilities. This paper discusses, from an econometric point of view, another important issue stemming from strong seasonality: the effect on forecasting tourist flows. This aspect of seasonality is addressed through an analysis of tourist arrivals in the Province of Lecce, southern Italy.
AndriotisK. (2005), ‘Seasonality in Crete: Problem or a way of life?’, Tourism Economics, Vol 11, No 2, pp. 207–224.
2.
BanerjeeA.DoladoJ.J.GalbraithJ.W.HenryD.F. (1993), Co-Integration, Error-correction and the Econometric Analysis of Non-stationary Data, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
3.
BaumT.HagenL. (1999), ‘Responses to seasonality: The experiences of peripheral destinations’, International Journal of Tourism Research, Vol 1, pp. 299–312.
4.
BeaulieuJJ.MironJ.A. (1993), ‘Seasonal unit roots in aggregate US data’, Journal of Econometrics, Vol 55, pp. 305–328.
5.
BoxG.E.P.JenkinsG.M. (1976), Time Series Analysis: Forecasting and Control, Holden Day, San Francisco, CA.
6.
ButlerR.W. (2001), ‘Seasonality in tourism: Issues and implications’, in BaumT.LundtorpS., eds, Seasonality in Tourism, Pergamon, Oxford, pp 5–21.
7.
CandelaG.FiginiP. (2003), Economia del Turismo, McGraw-Hill, Milan.
8.
ClementsM.P.HendryD.F. (1997), ‘An empirical study of seasonal unit roots in forecasting’, International Journal of Forecasting, Vol 13, pp 341–355.
9.
CucciaT.RizzoI. (2011), ‘Tourism seasonality in cultural destinations: Empirical evidence from Sicily’, Tourism Management, Vol 32, pp 589–595.
10.
FransesP.H. (1991), ‘Seasonality, non-stationarity and the forecasting of monthly time series’, International Journal of Forecasting, Vol 7, pp 199–208.
11.
FransesP.H.HobijnB. (1997), ‘Critical values for unit root tests in seasonal time series’, Journal of Applied Statistics, Vol 24, No 1, pp 25–47.
12.
HamiltonJ.D. (1994), Time Series Analysis, Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
13.
HartmannR. (1986), ‘Tourism, seasonality and social change’, Leisure Studies, Vol 5, pp 25–33.
14.
HyllebergS.EngleR.F.GrangerC.W.J.YooB.S. (1990), ‘Seasonal integration and cointegration’, Journal of Econometrics, Vol 44, pp 215–238.
15.
KimJ.H.MoosaI. (2001), ‘Seasonal behaviour of monthly international tourist flows: Specification and implications for forecasting models’, Tourism Economics, Vol 7, No 4, pp 381–396.
16.
KocE.AltinayG. (2007), ‘An analysis of seasonality in monthly per person tourist spending in Turkish inbound tourism from a market segmentation perspective’, Tourism Management, Vol 28, pp 227–237.
17.
KwiatkowskiD.PhillipsP.C.B.SchmidtP.ShinY. (1992), ‘Testing the null hypothesis of stationarity against the alternative of a unit root’, Journal of Econometrics, Vol 54, pp 159–178.
18.
LimC.McAleerM. (2000), ‘A seasonal analysis of Asian tourist arrivals to Australia’, Applied Economics, Vol 32, pp 499–509.
19.
LundtorpS.RassingC.R.WanhillS. (2001), ‘Off-season is no season: The case of Bornholm’, in BaumT.LundtorpS., eds, Seasonality in Tourism, Pergamon, Oxford, pp 5–21.
20.
MartinC.A.WittS.F. (1989), ‘Accuracy of econometric forecasts of tourism’, Annals of Tourism Research, Vol 16, No 3, pp 407–428.
21.
OsbornD.R.HeraviS.BirchenhallC.R. (1999), ‘Seasonal unit roots and forecasts of twodigit European industrial production’, International Journal of Forecasting, Vol 15, pp 27–47.
22.
PanayidouC. (2004), ‘A consideration of cultural tourism as a means of solving the seasonality problem in a traditional sun-sea destination’, paper presented at the Borderless Frontiers Conference, Nicosia, Cyprus, December.
23.
RodriguesP.M.M.OsbornD.R. (1999), ‘Performance of seasonal unit root tests for monthly data’, Journal of Applied Statistics, Vol 26, No 8, pp 985–1004.
24.
RossellóJ.RieraA.SansòA. (2004), ‘The economic determinants of seasonal patterns’, Annals of Tourism Research, Vol 31, No 3, pp 697–711.
25.
SongH.LiG. (2008), ‘Tourism demand modelling and forecasting – a review of a recent research’, Tourism Management, Vol 29, pp 203–220.
26.
SongH.WittS.F. (2000), Tourism Demand Modelling and Forecasting: Modern Econometric Approaches, Pergamon, Amsterdam.
27.
SooCheongJ. (2004), ‘Mitigating tourism seasonality. A quantitative approach’, Annals of Tourism Research, Vol 31, No 4, pp 819–836.
28.
SorensenN.K. (2001), ‘Modelling the seasonality of hotel nights in Denmark by county and nationality’, in BaumT.LundtorpS., eds, Seasonality in Tourism, Pergamon, Oxford, pp 75–88.
29.
VergoriA.S. (2004), ‘Stagionalità della domanda di servizi turistici e sue implicazioni sull'offerta’, Istituzioni e Sviluppo Economico – Institutions and Economic Development, Vol 3, pp 77–100.
30.
VergoriA.S. (2010), ‘La stagionalità della domanda di servizi turistici: Un'analisi econometrica’, Economia dei Servizi, Vol 1, pp 29–50.
31.
YeomanI.GreenwoodC.McMahon-BeattieU. (2009), ‘The future of Scotland's international tourism markets’, Futures, Vol 41, pp 387–395.