Vietnam today is less in a process of transition from ‘plan’ to ‘market’ than in a process of state consolidation with clear parallels in the colonial period. The authors focus on four aspects of Vietnamese political economy under the colonial and post-colonial regimes: the interpenetration of state and enterprise through state-created monopolies; the interaction of regional and ethnic dynamics with the monopolies; the ‘illegal’ activities (smuggling, ‘fence-breaking’, etc) that accompanied the monopolies; and the way monopolies have served as bases for rampant diversification into speculative ventures. The parallels across the eras call into question conventional notions of rupture, and confirm the importance of structural constraints that continue to shape Vietnam's political economy.
AbramiR. (2002), ‘Self-making, class struggle and labor autarky: The political origins of private entrepreneurship in Vietnam and China’, PhD dissertation, Department of Political Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA.
2.
AndersonB. (1983), ‘Old state, new society: Indonesia's New Order in comparative historical perspective’, Journal of Asian Studies, Vol XLII, No 3, pp 477–496.
3.
BeresfordM.Dang Phong (2000), Economic Transition in Vietnam: Trade and Aid in the Demise of a Centrally Planned Economy, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham.
4.
BoothA. (2007), Colonial Legacies: Economic and Social Development in East and Southeast Asia, University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu.
5.
BrocheuxP.HémeryD. (2001), Indochine: La colonisation ambiguë, 1858–1954, Découverte, Paris.
6.
BrocheuxP.HémeryD. (2010), Indochina: An Ambiguous Colonization, 1858–1954, University of California Press, Berkeley, CA.
7.
BrownI. (1993), ‘Imperialism, trade and investment in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries’, in ButcherJ.DickH., eds, The Rise and Fall of Revenue Farming: Business Elites and the Emergence of the Modern State in Southeast Asia, St. Martin's Press, New York.
8.
BruguièreM. (1992), Pour une renaissance de l'histoire financière, XVIIIe–XXe siècles, Comité pour l'histoire économique et financière de la France, Paris.
9.
ButcherJ.DickH., eds (1993), The Rise and Fall of Revenue Farming: Business Elites and the Emergence of the Modern State in Southeast Asia, St. Martin's Press, New York.
10.
CarterJ. (2008), Inventing Vietnam: the United States and State Building, 1954–1968, Cambridge University Press, New York.
11.
CheshierS. (2010), ‘The new class in Vietnam’, PhD dissertation, School of Business and Management, Queen Mary, University of London.
12.
CheshierS.PenroseJ. (2007), The Top 200: Industrial Strategies of Vietnam's Largest Firms, United Nations Development Programme Policy Dialogue Paper 2007/4, October, Hanoi.
13.
CheshierS.PenroseJ.Nguyen Thi Thanh Nga (2006), The State as Investor: Equitisation, Privatisation and the Transformation of SOEs in Vietnam, United Nations Development Programme Policy Dialogue Paper 2006/3, September, Hanoi.
14.
CheshierS.PincusJ. (2010), ‘Minsky au Vietnam: State corporations, financial instability, and industrialization’, in TavasciD.ToporowskiJ., eds, Minsky, Crisis and Development, Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke.
15.
CheshierS.RobertsonS.StoopsB. (2008), SOE Reform: The Number-One Challenge. Vietnam Focus, Dragon Capital, Ho Chi Minh City.
16.
CookeN.LiT. (2004), Water Frontiers: Commerce and the Chinese in the Lower Mekong Region, 1750–1880, Rowman and Littlefield Publishers, Lanham, MD.
17.
CumingsB. (2005), Korea's Place in the Sun: A Modern History, W.W. Norton, New York.
18.
Dang PhongBeresfordM. (1998), Authority Relations and Economic Decision Making in Vietnam: An Historical Perspective, Nordic Institute of Asian Studies, Copenhagen.
19.
Del TestaD. (2001), ‘Paint the trains red: Labor, nationalism, and the railroads in French Colonial Indochina, 1898–1945’, PhD dissertation, Department of History, University of California at, Davis, CA.
20.
DickH. (1993), ‘A fresh approach to Southeast Asian history’, in ButcherJ.DickH., eds, The Rise and Fall of Revenue Farming: Business Elites and the Emergence of the Modern State in Southeast Asia, St. Martin's Press, New York.
21.
EckertC.J. (1991), Offspring of Empire: The Koch'Ang Kims and the Colonial Origins of Korean Capitalism, 1876–1945, University of Washington Press, Seattle, WA.
22.
FallB. (1963), The Two Viet-Nams: A Political and Military Analysis, Frederick A. Praeger, New York.
23.
FfordeA. (1993), ‘The political economy of ‘reform’ in Vietnam – some reflections’, in LjunggrenB., ed, The Challenge of Reform in Indochina, Harvard Institute for International Development, Cambridge, MA.
24.
FfordeA. (1995), Vietnam: Economic Commentary and Analysis, a Bi-annual Appraisal of the Vietnamese Economy, Issue No 7, Aduki Pty Ltd, Canberra.
25.
FfordeA. (2004), Vietnamese State-Owned Enterprises: ‘Real Property’, Commercial Performance and Political Economy, Southeast Asian Research Centre Working Paper Series No 69, City University of Hong Kong.
26.
FfordeA. (2007), Vietnamese State Industry and the Political Economy of Commercial Renaissance: Dragon's Tooth or Curate's Egg?Chandos Publishing, Oxford.
27.
FfordeA.PaineS. (1987), The Limits of National Liberation, Croom Helm, London.
28.
GainsboroughM. (2003), ‘Corruption and the politics of economic decentralisation in Vietnam’, Journal of Contemporary Asia, Vol 33, No 1, pp 69–84.
29.
GonjoYasuo (1993), Banque coloniale ou banque d'affaires: la Banque de l'Indochine sous la Troisième Republique, Éditions du comité pour l'histoire économique et financière de la France, Paris.
30.
GreenfieldG. (1994), ‘The development of capitalism in Vietnam’, in MilibandR.PanitchL., eds, Between Globalism and Nationalism: Socialist Register 1994, Merlin Press, London.
31.
GuermeurH. (1909), Le régime fiscal de l'Indochine, Imprimerie d'Extrême-Orient, Hanoi.
32.
Harvard Vietnam Program (2008), The Structural Roots of Macroeconomic Instability, Discussion Paper No 3, Harvard Kennedy School Vietnam Program Policy, Ho Chi Minh City.
33.
HawesG.LiuH. (1993), ‘Explaining the dynamics of the Southeast Asian political economy: State, society, and the search for economic growth’, World Politics, Vol 5, No 4, pp 629–660.
34.
HewisonK. (1989), Bankers and Bureaucrats: Capital and the Role of the State in Thailand, Yale University Southeast Asia Studies, New Haven, CT.
35.
HiebertM. (1996), Chasing the Tigers: A Portrait of the New Vietnam, Kodansha International, New York.
36.
International Monetary Fund (1999), Vietnam: Selected Issues, IMF Staff Country Report No 99/55, IMF, Washington, DC.
37.
International Monetary Fund (2006), Vietnam: Statistical Appendix, IMF Country Report No 06/423, IMF, Washington, DC.
38.
JomoK.S. (1988), A Question of Class: Capital, the State, and Uneven Development in Malaya, Monthly Review Press, New York.
39.
KohliA. (1994), ‘Where do high growth political economies come from? The Japanese lineage of Korea's “developmental State”’, World Development, Vol 22, No 9, pp 1269–1293.
40.
LabrousseS. (1950), Politique du cabotage en Indochine, Imprimerie française d'outre-mer, Paris.
41.
LessardM. (2007), ‘Organisons-nous! Racial antagonism and Vietnamese economic nationalism in the early twentieth century’, French Colonial History, Vol 8, pp 171–201.
42.
LewinM. (1995), Russia/USSR/Russia: The Drive and Drift of a Superstate, The New Press, New York.
43.
LondonJ. (2009), ‘Vietnam and the making of market-Leninism’, Pacific Review, Vol 22, No 3, pp 375–399.
44.
MarukawaT. (1999), ‘Vietnam's general corporations: Their outline and a comparison with Chinese industrial groups’, in Ministry of Planning and Investment and Japanese International Cooperation Agency, Follow-up Study for the Economic Development Policy in the Transition toward a Market-oriented Economy in Vietnam. Vol. 1: General Commentary/Industry and Trade, Ministry of Planning and Investment, and JICA, Tokyo.
45.
McHaleS. (2004), Print and Power: Confucianism, Communism, and Buddhism in the Making of Modern Vietnam, University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu.
46.
MeuleauM. (1990), Des pionniers en Extrême-Orient. Histoire de la Banque de l'Indochine (1875–1975), Fayard, Paris.
47.
MorlatP. (2008), ‘Les réseaux patronaux français en Indochine (1918–1928)’, in BoninH.HodeirC.KleinJ.F., eds, L'Esprit économique impérial (1830–1970): Groupes de préssion & réseaux du patronat colonial en France & dans l'empire, Société française d'histoire d'outre-mer, Saint-Denis.
48.
MurrayM. (1980), The Development of Capitalism in Colonial Indochina, 1870–1940, University of California Press, Berkeley, CA.
49.
NankoeH.GerlusJ.C.MurrayM. (1993), ‘The origins of the opium trade and the opium regie in Indochina’, in ButcherJ.DickH., eds, The Rise and Fall of Revenue Farming: Business Elites and the Emergence of the Modern State in Southeast Asia, St. Martin's Press, New York.
50.
Nguyen Van Khanh (2004), Co cau kinh te xa hoi Viet Nam thoi thuoc dia (1858–1945), Vietnam National University Publishing House, Hanoi.
51.
NiolletD. (1998), L'épopée des douaniers en Indochine 1874–1954, Editions Kailash, Paris.
52.
NolanP. (1995), China's Rise, Russia's Fall: Politics, Economics and Planning in the Transition from Stalinism, St. Martin's Press, New York.
53.
PelleyP. (2002), Postcolonial Vietnam: New Histories of the National Past, Duke University Press, Durham, NC.
54.
PetersE. (2002), ‘Attacks on a tax: Struggles over state-imposed alcohol in the villages of Northern Vietnam, 1893–1913’, French Colonial History, Vol 2, pp 199–216.
55.
PeyroutonB.-M. (1913), ‘Etude sur les monopoles en Indochine’, PhD dissertation, Faculty of Law, Université de Paris, Paris.
56.
Pham Xanh (1998), ‘Bach Thai Buoi nha doanh thuong neu cao tinh than dan toc dau ki XX’, in Nghien cuu Viet Nam – mot so van de kinh te, van hoa, xa hoi, World Publishing House, Hanoi.
57.
PicardJ. (forthcoming), ‘Red waters: Vietnam's great migration and resettlement, 1954–1975’, PhD dissertation, Department of History, University of California, Berkeley, CA.
58.
PincusJ.Vu Thanh Tu Anh (2008), ‘Vietnam: A tiger in turmoil’, Far Eastern Economic Review, Vol 5, No 2, May.
59.
PorterG. (1993), Vietnam: The Politics of Bureaucratic Socialism, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY.
60.
RamaM. (2008), Making Difficult Choices: Vietnam in Transition (based on conversations with H.E. Vo Van Kiet with Professor Dang Phong and Doan Hong Quang), Working Paper No 40, International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/World Bank Commission on Growth and Development, Washington, DC.
61.
ReidA.TranN., eds (2006), Vietnam: Borderless Histories, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, WI.
62.
RiedelJ.TurleyW. (1999), The Politics and Economics of Transition to an Open Market Economy in Vietnam, Technical Paper No 152, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Centre, Paris.
63.
RobertsonS. (2009), ‘Macro-surrealism: Vietnam's financial markets’, presentation given to Fulbright Economics Teaching Program, 1 December, Ho Chi Minh City.
64.
RobisonR. (1986), Indonesia: The Rise of Capital, Allen and Unwin, Sydney.
65.
SasgesG. (2006), ‘Contraband, capital, and the colonial state: The alcohol monopoly in Northern Vietnam, 1897–1933’, PhD dissertation, Department of History, University of California, Berkeley, CA.
66.
SasgesG. (2008), ‘The moral economy of oppression and resistance: Towards a deeper contextualization of resistance to the colonial alcohol regime in Northern Vietnam, 1897–1945’, paper presented at theThird International Conference on Vietnamese Studies, 4–7 December, Hanoi.
67.
SasgesG. (2011), ‘Beast of (a) burden: State, enterprise and the alcohol monopoly in colonial Vietnam’, Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, Vol 42, No 3.
68.
TaiHue Tam Ho (2010), Passion, Betrayal, and Revolution in Colonial Vietnam, the Memoirs of Bao Luong, University of California Press, Berkeley, CA.
69.
TaylorK. (1998), ‘Surface orientations in Vietnam: Beyond histories of nation and region’, Journal of Asian Studies, Vol 57, No 4, pp 949–978.
70.
TemplerR. (1998), Shadows and Wind: A View of Modern Vietnam, Penguin Books, New York.
