This paper is a study of how the people at the centre of the violent conflict in Thailand's southern border provinces have been represented, with particular reference to the period from the Second World War to the present. It provides a brief historical background to a number of discourses of identity regarding the people in the region. It focuses on the struggle between competing discourses of Thai national identity, Malay ethnic identity, Muslim identity, and a more localized identity centred on the memory of the former sultanate of Patani and its associated linguistic and cultural traditions.
BagindaAbdul Razak, and SchierPeter, eds (2005), Malaysia: An Islamic State? Secularism and Theocracy: A Study of the Malaysian Constitution, ASEAN Academic Press, London.
2.
‘Bahrun’ (2005), Yihat si thao: khrai sang khrai liang fai tai [Grey Jihad: Who Started and Who is Stoking the Southern Fire], Sarika, Bangkok.
3.
BarnardTimothy P., ed (2004), Contesting Malayness: Malay Identity Across Borders, Singapore University Press, Singapore.
4.
KhongbangsathanBunkrom (2005), Kan to su khrang sut thai khong phon ek Chavalit Yongchaiyudh [Gen. Chavalit Yongchaiyudh's Last Struggle], Offset Press, Bangkok.
5.
Critical Asian Studies, Vol 18, No 2, March 2006, Thematic Issue: Patani Merdeka – Thailand's Southern Fire.
6.
PuaksomDavisakd (2003), Khon plaek na nanachat krung sayam nai khlong tang phasa thi wat pho [University in Stone]: ngan khian choeng chatiphanwanana [ethnography] chin raek khong sayam [International Strangers in Siam in the Verses on Different Languages at Wat Pho (University in Stone): Siam's First Ethnography], Sinlapawathanatham, Bangkok.
7.
PuaksomDavisakd (2008), ‘Of a lesser brilliance: Patani historiography in contention’, in MontesanoMichael J., and JoryPatrick, eds, The Plural Peninsula: Studies in the History of Ethnic Interactions in Southern Thailand and Northern Malaysia, NUS Press, Singapore, and University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu.
8.
FraserThomas M.Jr (1966), Fishermen of South Thailand: the Malay Villagers, Waveland Press, Prospect Heights.
9.
GilquinMichel (2005), The Muslims of Thailand, trans SmithiesMichael, IRASEC and Silkworm Books, Chiang Mai.
10.
HookerVirginia Matheson (2004), ‘Malay and Islam in contemporary Malaysia’, in BarnardTimothy P., ed, Contesting Malayness: Malay Identity Across Borders, Singapore University Press, Singapore.
11.
International Crisis Group (2005), Southern Thailand: Insurgency, Not Jihad, Asia Report No 98, 18 May, International Crisis Group, Brussels.
12.
International Crisis Group (2007), Southern Thailand: The Impact of the Coup, Asia Report No 129, 15 March, International Crisis Group, Brussels.
13.
TejapiraKasien (2006), ‘Jek lae khaek kap sangkhom thai: Phinit panha khon thai muslim chuea sai melayu jak prasopkan khon thai chuea sai jin’ [The Sino–Thai, Khaek and Thai society: a consideration of the problem of the Malay Thai Muslims from the experience of Thais of Chinese descent], Mahawithayalai thiangkhuen [Midnight University], 22 February, Website: http://www.midnightuniv.org/midnight2545/document95139.html.
14.
Suwannathat-PianKobkua (2004), ‘Thai national identity in the Muslim south: a comparative study of the ‘Sam-Sams’ of Satun and the Thai Malay Muslims in the three provinces of Pattani, Yala, and Narathiwat', paper presented at the Workshop, ‘A Plural Peninsula: Historical Interactions Among the Thai, Malays, Chinese and Others’, Walailak University, 5–7 February, pp 178–192.
15.
MohamedMahathir (1970), The Malay Dilemma, Pelanduk Publications, Kuala Lumpur.
16.
SathianMala Rajo, ‘Rights over men to rights over land: the economy of Pattani and the Thai state (1880–1920)’, unpublished manuscript.
17.
McCargoDuncan, ed (2007), Rethinking Thailand's Southern Violence, Singapore University Press, Singapore.
18.
MontesanoMichael J., and JoryPatrick, eds (2008), The Plural Peninsula: Studies in the History of Ethnic Interactions in Southern Thailand and Northern Malaysia, NUS Press, Singapore, and University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu.
19.
National Reconciliation Council, ‘Raingan khanakammakan isara phuea khwam samanchan haeng chat: ao chan khwam runraeng duan khwam samanchan’ [Report of the National Reconciliation Council: Overcoming violence through reconciliation], Website: http://www.nrc.or.th/th/.
NoorFarish (2004), Islam Embedded: The Historical Development of the Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party PAS (1951–2003), Vol 2, Malaysian Sociological Research Institute, Kuala Lumpur.
22.
KhrueathongParamin, ed (2005), Sayam-Pattani nai tamnan kan to su melayu muslim [Siam-Pattani in the History of the Struggle of the Malay Muslims], Sinlapawathanatham, Bangkok.
23.
ReidAnthony (2004), ‘Understanding melayu as a source of diverse modern identities’, in BarnardTimothy, ed, Contesting Malayness: Malay Identity Across Borders, Singapore University Press, Singapore, pp 1–24.
24.
ReynoldsCraig J., ed (1991), National Identity and Its Defenders: Thailand 1939–89, Silkworm Books, Chiang Mai.
25.
RoyOlivier (2005), ‘A clash of cultures or a debate on Europe's values?’International Institute for the Study of Islam in the Modern World (ISIM) Review, Vol 15, spring, pp 5–7.
26.
Ali Taufik Al AttasSyed, and ChuanNg Tieh (2005), Abdullah Ahmad Badawi: Revivalist of an Intellectual Tradition, Pelanduk Publications, Subang Jaya, pp 31–38.
27.
SyukriIbrahim (2005), History of the Malay Kingdom of Patani [Sejarah Kerajaan Melayu Patani], translated by BaileyConner and MiksicJohn N., Silkworm Books, Bangkok.
28.
TeeuwA., and WyattDavid K. (trans) (1970), Hikayat Patani: The Story of Patani, Martinus Nijhoff, The Hague.
29.
WinichakulThongchai (1994), Siam Mapped: the History of the Geobody of a Nation, University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu.
30.
KadirWanManChe (1990), Muslim Separatism: the Moros of Southern Philippines and the Malays of Southern Thailand, Oxford University Press, Singapore.
31.
SugunnasilWattana (2007), ‘Islam, radicalism, and violence in southern Thailand: Berjihad di Patani and the 28 April 2004 attacks’, in McCargo, ed, Rethinking Thailand's Southern Violence, Singapore University Press, Singapore, pp 112–136.
