Ruminant grazing, properly managed, can provide an extremely resource-efficient and sustainable supply of protein to the global economy. Ruminants are unique in agro-ecosystems because of their ability to digest and use cellulose. As much as 90% of their diet is composed of roughage that cannot be digested by humans and most other non-ruminants. Ruminant grazing (1) enhances efficient use of solar energy, (2) improves soil nutrient cycling, (3) uses non-competitive renewable resources, (4) conserves soil and water, and (5) adds flexibility to most farming enterprises. Ruminants are an integral part of sustainable agriculture, providing high-quality, economical products with less environmental impact than non-ruminant alternatives. The economic and ecological efficiency of food production using ruminant species can be optimized by intensively managing the relationship between the grazer and the landscape.
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