Echographic Landmark of Cephalic and Collateral Accessory vein at Forearm in Preoperative Evaluation for Hemodialysis Angioaccess

Abstract

Introduction

Superficial veins in the upper arm differ according to their relationship to the superficial fascia. We investigated the echographic landmark of the cephalic vein (CV) to correctly distinguish it from the collateral accessory vein (CAV) before hemodialysis angioaccess creation.

Materials and Method

Twenty consecutive patients were evaluated by ultrasonographic scan. The echographic features of CV and CAV together with their relationship were described.

Results

Ninety-five percent of patients presented both CV and CAV (75% CAV laterally located, 25% medially located). CV and CAV diameters were 2.9 (±0.65) and 2.0 (±0.70), respectively.

Conclusions

CV differs from CAV for its anatomic location at forearm. Such a difference is clearly evident under ultrasound examination, despite any recommendation in ultrasound guidelines. Whether the exclusive use of CV for angioaccess creation can lead to a better outcome will be ascertained by further studies.