The use of Central Venous Catheters (CVCs) represents an important step in the management of the surgical, onco-hematology and critically ill patients.
CVCs in neonates, like in adult patients, are mainly used to infuse hyperosmolar solutions, to take blood samples and for hemodynamic monitoring.
The need for CVCs is higher in neonates than in adults.
Poor peripheral access and the high demand for IV access and blood samples are already valuable indications for a CVC.
RyderM.A.Peripheral access options. Surg Oncol Clin N Am1995; 4: 395–427.
2.
GirettiR., CaruselliM., ZanniniR.Dislocation of central venous catheters in paediatric patients. J Vasc Access2006; 7: 132–5.
3.
CaruselliM., ZanniniR., GirettiR.The pinch off sindrome in a pediatric patient. Paediatr Anaesth2009; 19: 179–81.
4.
SafdarN., KlugerD.M., MakiD.C.A review of risk factors for catheter-related bloodstream infection caused by percutaneously inserted, noncuffed central venous catheters: implications for preventive strategies. Medicine (Baltimore)2002; 81: 466–79.
5.
CharalambousC., SwobodaS.M., DickJ.Risk factors and clinical impact of central line infections in the surgical intensive care unit. Arch Surg1998; 133: 1241–6.
6.
Nowak-GottlU., DueringC., Kempf-BielackB.Thromboembolic diseases in neonates and children. Pathophysiol Haemost Thromb2003; 33: 269–74.
7.
SalonvaaraM., RiikonenP., KekomakiR.Clinical symptomatic central venous catheter-related deep venous thrombosis in newborns. Acta Paediatr1999; 88: 642–6.
8.
BooN.Y., WongN.C., ZulkifliS.S.Risk factors associated with umbilical vascular catheter-associated thrombosis in newborn infants. J Paediatr Child Health1999; 35: 460–5.
9.
StockerM., BergerT.M.Arterielle und zentralvenose katheter bei neugeborenen und Sauglingen. Anaesthesist2006; 55: 873–82.
10.
KimJ.H., LeeYS, KimS.H.Does umbilical vein catheterization lead to portal venous thrombosis? Prospective US evaluation in 100 neonates. Radiology2001; 219: 645–50.
11.
HoangV., SillsJ., ChandlerM.Percutaneously inserted central catheter for total parenteral nutrition in neonates: complications rates related to upper versus lower extremity insertion. Pediatrics2008; 121: 1152–9.
12.
PizzutiA., ParodiE., AbbondiP.Cardiac tamponade and successful pericardiocentesis in a extremely low birth weight neonate with percutaneously inserted central venous line: a case report. Cases J2010; 15: 1–3.
13.
AldersonP.J., BurrowsF.A., StempL.I.Use of ultrasound to evaluate internal jugular vein anatomy and to facilitate centreal venous cannulation in paediatric patients. Br J Anaesth1993; 70: 145–8.
14.
LeyviG., TaylorD.G., ReithE.Utility of ultrasound-guided central venous cannulation in pediatric surgical patient: a clinical series. Paediatr Anaesth2005; 15: 953–8.
15.
NowlenT.T., RosenthalG.L., JohnsonG.L.Pericardial effusion and tamponade in infants with central catheters. Paediatrics2002; 110: 137–42.
16.
ShawJ.C.Parenteral nutrition in management of sick low birthweight infants. Pediatr Clin North Am1973; 20: 333–58.
17.
BeardsallK., WhiteD.K., PintoEMPericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade as complications of neonatal long lines: are they really a problem?Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed2003; 88: 292–5.
18.
KeeneyS.E., RichardsonC.J.Extravascular extravasation of fluid as a complication of central venous lines in the neonate. J Perinatol1995; 15: 284–8.
Lawrenz-WolfB., HermannB.Pericardial tamponade caused by catheter infection in an extremely small premature infant. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd1993; 141: 932–5.
23.
CupittJM: An unusual complication of a central venous catheter in a neonate. Paediatr Anaesth2000; 10: 665–8.
24.
RoyM., Turner-GomesS., GillG.Accuracy of doppler echocardiography for the diagnosis of thrombosis associated with umbilical venous catheters. J Pediatr2002; 140: 131–4.
25.
KimJ.H., LeeY.S., KimSHDoes umbilical vein catheterization lead to portal venous thrombosis? Prospective US evaluation in 100 neonates. Radiology2001; 219: 645–50.
26.
MoragI., EpelmanM., DanemanA.Portal vein thrombosis in the neonate: risk factors, course, and outcome. J Pediatr2006; 148: 735–9.
27.
CohenR.S., RamachandranP., KimE.H.Retrospective analysis of risks associated with an umbilical artery catheter system for continuous monitoring of arterial oxygen tension. J Perinatol1995; 15: 195–8.
Diehl-SvrjcekB.C., DawsonB., DuncanL.L.Infusion nursing: aspects of practice liability. J Infus Nurs2007; 30: 274–9.
30.
LiauD.W.Injuries and liability related to peripheral catheters: a Closed Claims analysis. Newsl Am Soc Anesthesiol2006; 70.
31.
IDSA Guidelines for Intravascular Catheter-Related Infection • CID2009; 49(1 July).
32.
PrattR.J., PelloweC.M., WilsonJ.A.epic2: National evidence-based guidelines for preventing healthcare-associated infections in NHS hospitals in England. J Hosp Infect2007; 65: S1–64.
33.
MermelL.A., FarrB.M., SherertzR.J.Guidelines for the management of intravascular catheter-related infections. Clin Infect Dis2001; 32: 1249–72.
34.
O'GradyN.P., AlexanderM., DelingerE.P.Guidelines for the prevention of intravascular catheter-related infections. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. MMWR Recomm Rep2002; 51(RR-10): 1–29.
