Abstract
The aim of this qualitative study was to explore the experience of older adults participating in an educational session and CarFit event and to determine its impact on preparing older adults for driving cessation. A lack of preparedness for driving cessation and the benefits of learning about resources and driving warning signs through the educational session and CarFit event was identified. Findings show that OT practitioners can provide support for driving safety and cessation.
Primary Author and Speaker: Megan Edwards Collins
Driving is an occupation that can be vital to an older adult's well-being, enhancing community mobility and independence. Various abilities of older adults may begin to decline, leading to the need for driving cessation due to safety concerns. The aim of this research, conducted by 6 occupational therapy students and their Research Advisor, was to explore the experience of older adults participating in an educational session and CarFit event. This included whether the participants felt the resources and information provided will help them better prepare for driving cessation. A qualitative, phenomenological approach was taken to address the research aim. Recruitment flyers were distributed to 4 sites across 3 counties in North Carolina. Inclusion criteria included being 65 years or older and having a valid driver's license. Participants completed a demographic survey questionnaire, participated in an educational session and CarFit event, and completed a post-survey questionnaire. Questionnaires were developed by the research team and included questions about participant's preparedness for driving cessation, their awareness of resources, and the usefulness of the educational session and CarFit. The educational session, based on a literature review, included information on the skills required to drive, adaptive equipment and other related driving resources, and the role of the Drivers Rehabilitation Specialist. The research team created and presented the session, after which the research team conducted a CarFit event with participants. The data was analyzed using inductive content data analysis of participant responses on the questionnaires and CarFit checklist. Member checking was conducted to enhance the rigor of the study. Ultimately 18 participants were included in the study. The average age of participants was 72 years old, with an average driving experience of 54 years. The majority were female (14) and Caucasian (14). Participants drove an average of 5 days a week, and common locations to drive to included medical offices, pharmacies, grocery stores, and the homes of friends and family. Twelve participants indicated they are the primary driver, and 14 indicated they drive during the day and night. Two themes were identified from the data: (1) Putting up walls: ‘I don't want to think about it' and (2) Bridging the gap ‘. . ....Looking for the warning signs.' For theme 1, The thought of having to retire from driving was identified as emotionally challenging, with participants saying things like it ‘Scares me to death,' ‘I would be devastated. I'm too independent.' They also indicated a lack of preparedness for driving cessation, reporting that ‘I hope and pray I don't have to retire.' ‘I am not ready to discuss that.' For theme 2, it was identified that the research activities ‘Gave foresight into what I need to know in the future and tools that are available,' and that it ‘makes me more aware of possible signs leading to driving retirement.' It also instilled a desire to ‘Stay physical[ly] fit so I can drive longer as I age!' The findings of the current study may help occupational therapy practitioners address this important occupation with their clients. It was found that driving cessation is not a subject older adults want to think about as they age. Participants had negative thoughts about driving cessation, although they were more aware of available resources and warning signs by the end of the educational session and Carfit event. Occupational therapy practitioners have the potential to prolong driving abilities and safety through the use of adaptive equipment and education, and to help with the driving cessation process. This can include identifying other transportation options.
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