Abstract
This mixed-method study explored OTs’ and non-OT clinical staff members’ perceptions and experiences of the development, implementation, and use of sensory rooms in mental-health settings. The results of the study indicate OTPs need to take an active role in the development of sensory rooms. Ongoing training is essential to maintain effective use. Additionally, sensory rooms are being used mainly as calming spaces, despite potential for other uses in mental-health settings.
Primary Author and Speaker: Jessica Kothari
Additional Authors and Speakers: Francine Seruya
The purpose of this mixed-method study was to explore occupational therapists’ perceptions and experiences of the development, implementation, and use of sensory rooms in mental health settings. Additionally the study sought to investigate non-OT clinical staff members’ perceptions, understanding, and experiences with sensory rooms in mental health. By ascertaining this information, the goal was to aid the development and implementation of sensory rooms in mental health settings and to identify barriers for successful use.
A phenomenological approach was utilized with both participant groups. Additionally, a researcher developed survey was provided to the OT participants to ascertain demographic and sensory-room specific information. Participants were recruited through social media and word of mouth. Five OT participants met the inclusionary criteria of working and creating a sensory room in psychiatric settings. Each participated in a survey and semi-structured interview. Four clinical staff participants met inclusionary criteria by having worked in mental health facilities with sensory rooms and they participated in semi-structured interviews. The nine interviews were transcribed by the first author. After transcription, a document was created and utilized to manage data. Codes were created and culled for recurring trends and themes. A reflection journal and discussion of emerging themes among the primary and co-researcher were utilized to substantiate and triangulate any findings. Survey results were analyzed and organized utilizing Excel.
The data found in the surveys included information regarding commonly used materials, resources, funding sources, and expectations for use of sensory rooms. These results emphasized the use of materials and language which promoted the use of sensory rooms to calm clients. Most common items included adjustable lighting, bean bag chairs, and manipulatives. From the interviews, three main themes emerged: sensory rooms are used mainly as calming spaces despite potential other uses, development of sensory rooms is often related to restraint/seclusion initiatives and there are ongoing unsafe events occurring within the rooms, and ongoing training is essential to ensure effective use of sensory rooms. Findings also indicated that in some circumstances, non-OTs are developing sensory rooms. While able to develop the rooms, they did not appear to provide training or background knowledge to clinical staff.
The results of the study present various implications for OT practice. As sensory processing and treatment is an area of expertise within the field of OT, OTPs are needed to lead the development of sensory rooms in mental health settings and should be providing the training for clinical staff. Additionally, ongoing data collection is necessary to understand the efficacy of sensory rooms in behavioral healthcare, to explore program development opportunities, and to address ongoing quality improvement. This data is also necessary to demonstrate the need for OTP designed sensory rooms, as opposed to other disciplines. Though OTPs should charge this endeavor, ongoing client and staff collaboration is needed to promote understanding and client-centered approaches to care. Additionally, sensory rooms in behavioral health settings should be utilized in more varied approaches, not simply to help clients to calm.
The use of sensory strategies in mental health is considered to be an emerging area of practice and despite this being a well established OT area of expertise, they are being adopted by other disciplines. The results of this study are important for the promotion and advocacy of the use of OTPs in behavioral health, particularly when implementing sensory rooms and utilizing sensory interventions.
Champagne, T., & Sayer, E. (2008). The effects of the use of the sensory room in psychiatry. Sensory modulation and environment: Essential elements of occupation (3rd ed). Southampton, MA: Champagne Conferences.
Champagne, T. & Stromberg, N. (2004). Sensory approaches in inpatient psychiatric settings: innovative alternatives to seclusion and restraint. Journal of Psychosocial Nursing, 42, 35-44.