Editor's Notes

Swann NG Chambers J Beers DT . Research update: United States of America long-term rating lowered to ‘AA+’ on political risks and rising debt burden; outlook negative. August 5, 2011. Standard and Poor's. Available at: http://www.standardandpoors.com/servlet/BlobServer?blobheadername3=MDT-Type&blobcol=urldata&blobtable=MungoBlobs&blobheadervalue2=inline%3B+filename%3DUS_Downgraded_AA%2B.pdf&blobheadername2=Content-Disposition&blobheadervaluel=application%2Fpdf&blobkey=id&blobheadernamel=content-type&blobwhere=1243942957443&blobheadervalue3=UTF-8. Accessed August 9, 2011.

Congressional Budget Office. CBO's 2011 long term budget outlook. Available at: http://www.cbo.gov/doc.cfm?index=12212. Accessed August 16, 2011.

Ruffing K Cox K Horney J . The right target: stabilize the federal debt. Center on Budget and Policy Priorities. Long-term budget outlook is bleak; requires major changes to programs, revenues, and health care. January 12, 2010. Available at http://www.cbpp.org/cms/index.cfm?fa=view&id=3049. Accessed July 9, 2011.

Budget of the United States government: historical tables fiscal year 2012, table 8.4—outlays by budget enforcement act category as percentages of GDP: 1962–2016. Available at: http://www.gpoaccess.gov/usbudget/fy12/hist.html. Accessed August 9, 2011.

Ruffing K Horney JR . Economic downturn and Bush policies continue to drive large projected deficits economic recovery measures, financial rescues have only temporary impact. May 10, 2011. Available at: http://www.cbpp.org/cms/index.cfm?fa=view&id=3490. Accessed August 9, 2011.

Coy P . It gets worse. Bus Week. August 1, 2011;6–8.

Green J Kotlikoff L . On the general relativity of fiscal language. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2006. Working paper 12344. Available at: http://www.nber.org/papers/w12344.pdf. Accessed August 9, 2011.

Tax as a percentage of GDP. Ekonomifakta. Available at: http://www.ekonomifakta.se/en/Facts-and-figures/Taxes/Taxes-and-GDP/Tax-as-a-percentage-of-GDP/. Accessed August 9, 2010.

Office of Management and Budget. Historical tables. Table 2.3. Receipts by source as a percentage of GDP: 1934–2016. Available at: http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/budget/Historicals. Accessed August 9, 2010.

Capital Gains and Games Web site. 23 polls say people support higher taxes to reduce the deficit. Available at: http://capitalgainsandgames.com/blog/bruce-bartlett/2341/23-polls-say-people-support-higher-taxes-reduce-deficit. Accessed August 23, 2011.

Buffett WE . Stop coddling the super-rich. New York Times. August 14, 2011. Available at: http://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/15/opinion/stop-coddling-the-super-rich.html?scp=1&sq=buffett%20and%20taxes&st=cse. Accessed August 16, 2011.

Baicker K Cutler D Song Z . Workplace wellness programs can generate savings [published online ahead of print January 14, 2010]. Health Aff (Millwood). 2010;29:304–311.

Fries JF . Aging, natural death, and the compression of morbidity. N Engl J Med. 1980;303:130–135.

Vita AJ Terry RB Hubert HB Fries JF . Aging, health risks, and cumulative disability. N Engl J Med. 1998;338:1035–1041.Available at: http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199804093381506. Accessed August 23, 2011.

Manton KG Gu X . Disability declines and trends in Medicare expenditures. Ageing Horiz, (2):25–34. Available at:http://www.ageing.ox.ac.uk/system/files/AH%202%20Manton%20and%20Gu.pdf. Accessed August 23, 2011.

DeVol R Bedroussian A . An unhealthy America: the economic burden of chronic disease—charting a new course to save lives and increase productivity and economic growth. Milken Institute. October 2007. Available at: http://www.milkeninstitute.org/publications/publications.taf?function=detail&ID=38801018&cat=resrep. Accessed August 23, 2011.

Rula E Pope J Hoffman JC . The Center for Health Research. Potential Medicare savings through prevention & health risk reduction. Available at: http://www.healthways.com/trillions/. Accessed August 23, 2011.

Bly JL Jones RC Richardson JE . Impact of worksite health promotion on health care costs and utilization. Evaluation of Johnson & Johnson's Live for Life program. JAMA. 1986;256:3235–3240.

Aldana SG . Financial impact of health promotion programs: a comprehensive review of the literature. Am J Health Promot. 2001;15:296–320.

The Community Guide. Worksite health promotion. Task Force on Community Preventive Services. Available at: http://www.TheCommunityGuide.org/worksite. Accessed August 23, 2011.

US POP clock projection. Available at: http://www.census.gov/population/www/popclockus.html. Accessed August 12, 2011.

O'Donnell MP . A simple framework to describe what works best: improving awareness, enhancing motivation, building skills, and providing opportunity. Am J Health Promot. 2005;20(1):1–12.

US Government Spending. Comparison: state spending—debt—GDP—population. Available at:http://www.usgovernmentspending.com/state_summary.php?chart=Z0&year=2011&units=b&rank=g. Accessed August 16, 2011.

Statistics about business size (including small business) from the US Census Bureau. Available at: http://www.census.gov/econ/smallbus.html. Accessed August 23, 2011.

Kaiser Family Foundation and Health Research & Education Trust. Employer health benefits, 2010 summary of findings. Available at: http://ehbs.kff.org/pdf/2010/8086.pdf. Accessed August 23, 2011.

Kaiser Family Foundation StateHealthFacts.org. Medicaid & CHIP. Available at: http://www.statehealthfacts.org/comparecat.jsp?cat=4. Accessed August 23, 2011.

United States Government, Congressional Budget Office. CBO'S 2011 long term budget outlook, June 2011. Available at:http://www.cbo.gov/doc.cfm?index=12212. Accessed August 23, 2011.

Gravelle JG . International corporate tax rate comparisons and policy implications. Congressional Research Service. March 31, 2011. Available at: http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/R4174320110331.pdf. Accessed August 23, 2011.

Tax Foundation. State corporate tax rates, 2000–2011. March 1, 2011. Available at: http://www.taxfoundation.org/taxdata/show/230.html. Accessed August 23, 2011.

Internal Revenue Service. Publication 15, circular E, employer's tax guide, for use 2011. Available at http://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/p15.pdf. Accessed August 23, 2011.

State individual income tax rates, 2000–2011. March 3, 2011. Available at: http://www.taxfoundation.org/taxdata/show/228.html. Accessed August 23, 2011.

Federal government civilian employment by function. March 2009. Available at: http://www2.census.gov/govs/apes/09fedfun.pdf. Accessed August 23, 2011.

United States, state government employment data: March 2009, United States totals. Revised January 2011. Available at: http://www2.census.gov/govs/apes/09stus.txt. Accessed August 23, 2011.

US Census Bureau. School enrollment. Available at: http://www.census.gov/hhes/school/. Accessed August 23, 2011.

US National Center for Education Statistics. Cited by: Statistical abstract of the United States: 2011, table 215. Available at: http://www.census.gov/compendia/statab/. Accessed August 23, 2011.

Central Intelligence Agency. The world fact book. Country comparison: distribution of family income, GINA index. Available at: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2172rank.html. Accessed August 23, 2011.

Central Intelligence Agency. The world fact book. Country comparison: infant mortality. Available at: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2091rank.html. Accessed August 23, 2011.

Central Intelligence Agency. The world fact book. Country comparison: life expectancy at birth. Available at: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2102rank.html. Accessed August 23, 2011.

Frieden TR . Foreword. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2011:60(suppl):1–4. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/pdf/other/su6001.pdf. Accessed August 23, 2011.

Freedman DS . Obesity—United States, 1988–2008. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2011;60(suppl):73–77. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/pdf/other/su6001.pdf. Accessed August 23, 2011.

Moorman JE Zahran H Truman BI Molla MT . Current asthma prevalence—United States, 2006–2008. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2011;60(suppl):84–86. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/pdf/other/su6001.pdf. Accessed August 23, 2011.

Beckles GL Zhu J Moonesinghe R . Diabetes—United States, 2004 and 2008. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2011;60(suppl):90–93. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/pdf/other/su6001.pdf. Accessed August 23, 2011.

Keenan NL Rosendorf KA . Prevalence of hypertension and controlled hypertension—United States, 2005–2008. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2011;60(suppl):94–98. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/pdf/other/su6001.pdf. Accessed August 23, 2011.

Hughes D Dean HD Mermin JH Fenton KA . HIV Infection—United States, 2005 and 2008. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2011;60(suppl):87–89. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/pdf/other/su6001.pdf. Accessed August 23, 2011.

Keenan NL Shaw KM . Coronary heart disease and stroke deaths—United States, 2006. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2011;60(suppl):62–66. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/pdf/other/su6001.pdf. Accessed August 23, 2011.

Martin JA . Preterm births—United States, 2007. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2011:60(suppl):78–79.Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/pdf/other/su6001.pdf. Accessed August 23, 2011.

Ventura SJ . Adolescent pregnancy and childbirth—United States, 1991–2008. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2011;60(suppl):105–109. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/pdf/other/su6001.pdf. Accessed August 23, 2011.

Garrett BE . Cigarette smoking—United States, 1965–2008. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2011:60(suppl):109–113. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/pdf/other/su6001.pdf. Accessed August 23, 2011.

Logan JE Smith SG Stevens MR . Homicides—United States, 1999–2007. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2011;60(suppl):67–72. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/pdf/other/su6001.pdf. Accessed August 23, 2011.

Raymond J Wheeler W Brown MJ . Inadequate and unhealthy housing, 2007 and 2009. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2011;60(suppl):21–27. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/pdf/other/su6001.pdf. Accessed August 23, 2011.

Yip FY Pearcy JN Garbe PL Truman BI . Unhealthy air quality—United States, 2006–2009. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2011;60(suppl):28–31. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/pdf/other/su6001.pdf. Accessed August 23, 2011.

Moonesinghe R Zhu J Truman BI . Health insurance coverage—United States, 2004 and 2008. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2011;60(suppl):35–37. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/pdf/other/su6001.pdf. Accessed August 23, 2011.

Beckles GL Truman BI . Education and income—United States, 2005 and 2009. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2011;60(suppl):13–17. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/pdf/other/su6001.pdf. Accessed August 23, 2011.

Collins S . The Commonwealth Fund blog. How the Affordable Care Act of 2010 will help low- and moderate-income families. July 13, 2010. Available at: http://www.commonwealthfund.org/Blog/How-the-Affordable-Care-Act-of-2010.aspx. Accessed August 23, 2011.

America's health insurance plans. Available at: http://www.ahip.org/. Accessed August 23, 2011.

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Demonstration projects, details for senior risk reduction program. Available at: http://www4a.cms.gov/DemoProjectsEvalRpts/MD/itemdetail.asp?filterType=none&filterByDID=-99&sortByDID=3&sortOrder=descending&itemID=CMS1190654&intNumPerPage=10. Accessed August 23, 2011.

Medicaid incentives for prevention of chronic diseases (MIPCD) program. Available at: https://www.cms.gov/MIPCD/. Accessed August 23, 2011.

The Annie E . Casey Foundation. Promoting opportunity for the next generation, 2011 KIDS COUNT data book. State profiles of child well-being. Available at: http://www.aecf.org/˜/media/Pubs/Initiatives/KIDS%20COUNT/123/2011KIDSCOUNTDataBook/KCDataBook2011.pdf. Accessed August 23, 2011.

OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA). Comparing countries' and economies' performance, 2009 results. Available at: http://www.pisa.oecd.org/dataoecd/54/12/46643496.pdf. Accessed August 23, 2011.

StudentsFirst Web site. Available at: http://www.studentsfirst.org. Accessed August 23, 2011.

Smart Growth Online Web site. Available at: http://www.smartgrowth.org/. Accessed August 23, 2011.

The Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life. US religious landscape survey. Available at: http://religions.pewforum.org/reports. Accessed August 23, 2011.

Random Acts of Kindness Foundation Web site. Available at: http://www.randomactsofkindness.org/Resources/Research/. Accessed August 23, 2011.