U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Smoking and Health. Reducing the health consequences of smoking: 25 years of progress. Rockville, Maryland: DHHS publication no. (CDC) 89-8411, 1989.
2.
MarcusA.ShoplandD.CraneL.LynnW.Prevalence of cigarette smoking in the United States: Estimates from the 1985 current population survey. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 1989; 81(6):409–414.
3.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Smoking and Health. The health consequences of smoking: Cancer and chronic lung disease in the workplace. Rockville, Maryland: DHHS publication no. (PHS) 85-50207, 1985.
4.
SchwartzJ.Review and evaluation of smoking cessation methods: The United States and Canada 1978–1985. Rockville, Maryland: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, 1985.
5.
GrunbergN.Cigarette smoking at work: Data, issues, and models. In: Health at Work. WeissS.FieldingJ.BaumA. (Eds.). Erlbaum, Hillsdale, New Jersey, 1990.
6.
BibeauD.MullenK.McLeroyK.GreenL.FosheeV.Evaluations of workplace smoking cessation programs: A critique. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 1988: 4(2):87–95.
7.
KlesgesR.VaseyM.GlasgowR.A worksite smoking modification competition: Potential for public health impact. American Journal of Public Health, 1986; 76(2): 198–200.
8.
MaheuM.GevirtzR.SallisF.SchneiderN.Competition/cooperation in worksite smoking cessation using nicotine gum. Preventive Medicine, 1989; 18(6):867–876.
9.
GottliebN.NelsonA.A systematic effort to reduce smoking at the worksite. Health Education Quarterly, 1990; 17(1):99–118.
10.
JasonL.JayarajS.BlitzC.MichaelsM.KlettL.Incentives and competition in a worksite smoking cessation intervention. American Journal of Public Health, 1990: 80(2):205–206.
11.
MatsonD.The impact of an incentive/competition program on participation and smoking cessation among high risk smokers at the worksite. American Journal of Health Promotion, 1992; 6(4):248.
12.
StitzerM.BigelowG.Contingent payment for carbon monoxide reduction: Effects of pay amount. Behavior Therapy, 1983; 14(5):647–656.
13.
StitzerM.BigelowG.Contingent reinforcement for reduced breath carbon monoxide levels: Target-specific effects on cigarette smoking. Addictive Behaviors, 1985; 10(4):345–349.
14.
StrecherV.BeckerM.KirschtJ.ErakerS.Graham-TomasiR.Evaluation of a minimal-contact smoking cessation program in a health care setting. Patient Education and Counseling, 1985; 7:395–407.
15.
BowersT.WinnettR.FrederiksenL.Nicotine fading, behavioral contracting, and extended treatment: Effects on smoking cessation. Addictive Behaviors, 1987; 12(2): 181–184.
16.
KlesgesR.GlasgowR.RussellE.KlesgesL.MorrayK.Competition and relapse prevention training in worksite smoking modification. Special Issues: Health promotion in work settings. Health Education Research, 1987: 8(1):5–14.
17.
WindsorR.LoweJ.BartlettE.The effectiveness of a worksite self-help smoking cessation program: A randomized trial. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 1988; 11(4):407–421.
18.
JeffreyR.PheleyA.ForsterJ.KramerM.SnellM.Payroll contracting for smoking cessation: A worksite pilot study. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 1988; 4(2):83–86.
19.
JasonL.LesowitzT.MichaelsM.BlitzC.VictorsL.DeanL.YeagerE.KimballP.A worksite smoking cessation intervention involving the media and incentives. American Journal of Community Psychology, 1989; 17(6):785–799.
20.
GlasgowR.HollisJ.PettigrewL.FosterL.GiviM.MorrisetteG.Implementing a year-long worksite-based incentive program for smoking cessation. American Journal of Health Promotion, 1990; 5(3): 192–199.
21.
CurryS.WagnerE.GrothausL.Evaluation of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation interventions with a self-help smoking cessation program. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 1991; 59(2):318–324.
22.
GrabowskiJ.BellC.Measurement in the analysis and treatment of smoking behavior. NIDA Research Monograph 48. Washington, D.C.: Department of Health and Human Services; DHHS publication no. (ADM) 83–1985.
23.
LepperM.GreeneD.NisbettR.Undermining children's intrinsic interest with extrinsic rewards: A test of the overjustification hypothesis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1973; 28:129–137.
24.
MidanikL.PolenM.HunkelerE.TekawaI.SoghikianK.Methodological issue in evaluating stop smoking programs. American Journal of Public Health, 1985; 75:634–638.
25.
WarnerK.MurtH.Economic incentives for health. Annual Review of Public Health, 1984; 5:107–133.
26.
BrownellK.FelixM.Competitions to facilitate health promotion: Review and conceptual analysis. American Journal of Health Promotion, 1987; 2(1):28–36.
27.
FinneyD.Factorial Experiments. In: Experimental Design and Its Statistical Basis. Chicago, Illinois: The University of Chicago Press, 1955, 85.
28.
KirkR.Experimental Design Procedures for the Behavioral Sciences. Belmont, California: Brook Cole Publishing Company, 1982, 350.
29.
GlynnT.BoydG.GrumanJ.Essential elements of self-help/minimal intervention strategies for smoking cessation. Health Education Quarterly, 1990; 17(3):329–345.