Physical Activity for its Mental Health Benefits: Conceptualising Participation within the Model of Human Occupation

Abstract

Introduction:

The mental health benefits of physical activity are well evidenced yet translating physical activity goals into actual participation can be challenging.

Method:

This study used a qualitative approach to investigate the barriers and supports that people with depression and/or anxiety have experienced when attempting to participate in physical activity. In-depth interviews were conducted with a small sample of seven participants of a mental health community team who had expressed an interest in physical activity. Thematic analysis was used and correlated with Model of Human Occupation concepts as a means of relating findings to potential practice applications.

Findings:

The findings confirmed the complexity of factors influencing participation, with those relating to volition being most noteworthy. The participants' negative self-perceptions of their abilities affected their motivation to engage in activities, and other treatments, such as psychotherapeutic and pharmacological, were required. Physical activity was more likely to be used as an adjunct treatment initially but, once mental health issues were beginning to be resolved, its value as an intervention in its own right was increased.

Conclusion:

Occupational therapists can use the Model of Human Occupation to conceptualise the complexities of engagement. Such understanding is essential before setting physical activity goals and intervention plans for people with mental health problems.