Endotracheal intubation is a common lifesaving procedure that often is performed outside the operating room in a variety of clinical scenarios. Providers who perform intubation outside the operating room have variable degrees of training, skill development, and experience. A large number of studies were published in 2023 on the topic of intubations outside the operating room across a wide variety of settings and patient populations. Here, we review relevant papers on this topic published in 2023.
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4.
HickeyAJ, CummingsMJ, ShortB, BrodieD, PanzerO, MadaharP, et al. Approach to the physiologically challenging endotracheal intubation in the intensive care unit. Respir Care, 2023; 68(10):1438-1448.
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HessDR. Evidence-based respiratory care. Respir Care, 2021; 66(7):1105-1119.
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CollinsSR. Direct and indirect laryngoscopy: equipment and techniques. Respir Care, 2014; 59(6):850-862.discussion 862–854.
7.
LingappanK, NevelnN, ArnoldJL, FernandesCJ, PammiM. Videolaryngoscopy versus direct laryngoscopy for tracheal intubation in neonates. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2023; 5(5):CD009975.
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ChienYT, OngJR, TamKW, LohEW. Videolaryngoscopy and direct laryngoscopy for cardiac arrest: a meta-analysis of clinical studies and trials. Am J Emerg Med, 2023; 73:116-124.
9.
KimJG, AhnC, KimW, LimTH, JangBH, ChoY, et al. Comparison of videolaryngoscopy with direct laryngoscopy for intubation success in critically ill patients: a systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis. Front Med (Lausanne), 2023; 10:1193514.
10.
HoshijimaH, MiharaT, ShigaT, MizutaK. Indirect laryngoscopy is more effective than direct laryngoscopy when tracheal intubation is performed by novice operators: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and trial sequential analysis. Can J Anaesth, 2024; 71(2):201-212.
11.
MacKinnonJ, McCoyC. Use of videolaryngoscopy versus direct laryngoscopy as a teaching tool for neonatal intubation: a systematic review. Can J Respir Ther, 2023; 59:111-116.
12.
PrekkerME, DriverBE, TrentSA, Resnick-AultD, SeitzKP, RussellDWet al; DEVICE Investigators and the Pragmatic Critical Care Research Group. Video versus direct laryngoscopy for tracheal intubation of critically ill adults. N Engl J Med, 2023; 389(5):418-429.
13.
DharanindraM, JedgePP, PatilVC, KulkarniSS, ShahJ, IyerS, et al. Endotracheal intubation with King Vision videolaryngoscope vs Macintosh direct laryngoscope in ICU: a comparative evaluation of performance and outcomes. Indian J Crit Care Med, 2023; 27(2):101-106.
14.
ShuklaA, ShankerR, SinghVK, SinghGP, SrivastavaT. Non-channeled videolaryngoscopy as an alternative to conventional laryngoscopy for intubating adult patients in the intensive care unit. Cureus, 2023; 15(6):e40716.
15.
RivaT, EngelhardtT, BascianiR, BonfiglioR, CoolsE, FuchsAet al; OPTIMISE Collaboration. Direct versus videolaryngoscopy with standard blades for neonatal and infant tracheal intubation with supplemental oxygen: a multi-center, non-inferiority, randomized controlled trial. Lancet Child Adolesc Health, 2023; 7(2):101-111.
16.
TippmannS, SchaferJ, WinterJ, MuhlerAK, SchmitzK, SchonfeldM, et al. Video versus direct laryngoscopy to improve the success rate of nasotracheal intubations in the neonatal intensive care setting: a randomized controlled trial. BMJ Paediatr Open, 2023; 7(1).
17.
ChoiS, YooHK, ShinKW, KimYJ, YoonHK, ParkHP, et al. Videolaryngoscopy vs flexible fibroscopy for tracheal intubation in patients with cervical spine immobilization: a randomized controlled trial. Anaesthesia, 2023; 78(8):970-978.
18.
RisseJ, FischerM, MeggiolaroKM, Fariq-SpiegelK, PabstD, ManegoldR, et al. Effect of videolaryngoscopy for non-trauma out-of-hospital cardiac arrest on clinical outcome: a registry-based analysis. Resuscitation, 2023; 185:109688.
19.
PhillipsJP, AngerDJ, RogersonMC4th, MyersLA, McCoyRG. Transitioning from direct to videolaryngoscopy during the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with a higher endotracheal intubation success rate. Prehosp Emerg Care, 2024; 28(2):200-208.
20.
AbdelbaserI, AbourezkAR, MagdyM, ElnegereyN, SabryR, TharwatM, et al. Comparison of the outcomes of oral versus nasal endotracheal intubation in neonates and infants undergoing cardiac surgery: a randomized controlled study. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth, 2023; 37(10):2012-2019.
21.
SantouN, UetaH, NakagawaK, HataK, KusunokiS, SadamoriT, et al. A comparative study of videolaryngoscope vs Macintosh laryngoscope for prehospital tracheal intubation in Hiroshima, Japan. Resusc Plus, 2023; 13:100340.
22.
PrekkerME, TrentSA, LofranoA, RussellDW, BarnesCR, BrewerJM, et al. Laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation: does use of a videolaryngoscope facilitate both steps of the procedure?. Ann Emerg Med, 2023; 82(4):425-431.
23.
MillerKA, DechnikA, MillerAF, D’AmbrosiG, MonuteauxMC, ThomasPM, et al. Video-assisted laryngoscopy for pediatric tracheal intubation in the emergency department: a multi-center study of clinical outcomes. Ann Emerg Med, 2023; 81(2):113-122.
24.
MillerAG. Endotracheal intubation training and skill maintenance for respiratory therapists. Respir Care, 2017; 62(2):156-162.
25.
MillerAG, GillinT, RottaAT, EmbergerJS. Feasibility of a multi-center respiratory therapist endotracheal intubation study. Respir Care, 2023; 68(8):1031-1040.
26.
Van DammeDM, McRaeEM, IrvingSY, KellySP, TarquinioKM, GiulianoJSJret al; National Emergency Airway Registry for Children (NEAR4KIDS) and Pediatric Acute Lung Injury and Sepsis Investigators (PALISI). Tracheal intubation by advanced practice registered nurses in pediatric critical care: retrospective study from the National Emergency Airway for Children Registry (2015-2019). Pediatr Crit Care Med, 2024; 25(2):139-146.
27.
MillerAG, NapolitanoN, TurnerDA, RehderKJ, NishisakiA; National Emergency Airway Registry for Children (NEAR4KIDS) Investigators and Pediatric Acute Lung Injury and Sepsis Investigators (PALISI). Respiratory therapist intubation practice in pediatric ICUs: a multi-center registry study. Respir Care, 2020; 65(10):1534-1540.
28.
KoonceB, AustinPN. Emergency airway management: the turf war is over. Respir Care, 2023; 68(8):1189-1191.
29.
AmagasaS, UtsumiS, MoriwakiT, YasudaH, KashiuraM, UematsuS, et al. Advanced airway management for pediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Am J Emerg Med, 2023; 68:161-169.
30.
LouJ, TianS, KangX, LianH, LiuH, ZhangW, et al. Airway management in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Am J Emerg Med, 2023; 65:130-138.
31.
SmithS, LiuM, BallI, MeunierB, HilsdenR. A systematic review of prehospital combat airway management. J Spec Oper Med, 2023; 23(1):31-37.
32.
KlujP, FedorczakM, GaszyńskiT, RatajczykP. A pilot, prospective trial of IntuBrite versus Macintosh direct laryngoscopy for paramedic endotracheal intubation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. BMC Emerg Med, 2023; 23(1):70.
33.
KibblewhiteC, ToddVF, HowieG, SandersJ, EllisC, DittmerB, et al. Out-of-hospital emergency airway management practices: a nationwide observational study from Aotearoa New Zealand. Resusc Plus, 2023; 15:100432.
34.
GalinskiM, WrobelM, BoyerR, ReuterPG, RuscevM, DebatyG, et al. Risk factors for failed first intubation attempt in an out-of-hospital setting: a multi-center prospective study. Intern Emerg Med, 2023; 18(1):265-272.
35.
Le BastardQ, PesP, LerouxP, PenverneY, JenvrinJ, MontassierE. Factors associated with tracheal intubation–related complications in the prehospital setting: a prospective multi-centric cohort study. Eur J Emerg Med, 2023; 30(3):163-170.
36.
ThomasMB, UrbanS, CarmichaelH, BankerJ, ShahA, SchaidT, et al. Tick-tock: prehospital intubation is associated with longer field time without any survival benefit. Surgery, 2023; 174(4):1034-1040.
37.
AmagasaS, IwamotoS, KashiuraM, YasudaH, KishiharaY, UematsuS. Early versus late advanced airway management for pediatric patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Ann Emerg Med, 2024; 83(3):185-195.
38.
RenbergM, DahlbergM, GellerforsM, RostamiE, GuntherM. Prehospital and emergency department airway management of severe penetrating trauma in Sweden during the past decade. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med, 2023; 31(1):85.
39.
BromsJ, LinhardtC, FevangE, HellikssonF, SkallsjoG, HauglandH, et al. Prehospital tracheal intubations by anesthetist-staffed critical care teams: a prospective observational multi-center study. Br J Anaesth, 2023; 131(6):1102-1111.
40.
RadhakrishnanA, McCahillC, AtwalRS, LahiriS. A systematic review of the timing of intubation in patients with traumatic brain injury: pre-hospital versus in-hospital intubation. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg, 2023; 49(3):1199-1215.
41.
ChenDY, DevsamB, SettA, PerkinsEJ, JohnsonMD, TingayDG. Factors that determine first-intubation attempt success in high-risk neonates. Pediatr Res, 2024; 95(3):729-735.
42.
Gariepy-AssalL, JanaillacM, EthierG, PennaforteT, LachanceC, BarringtonKJ, et al. A tiny baby intubation team improves endotracheal intubation success rate but decreases residents’ training opportunities. J Perinatol, 2023; 43(2):215-219.
Van Der VeekenE, ManleyBJ, OwenL, KamlinO, RobertsC, NewmanS, et al. Cerebral oxygenation during neonatal intubation with nasal high flow: a sub-study of the SHINE randomized trial. Neonatology, 2023; 120(4):458-464.
45.
HodgsonKA, OwenLS, KamlinCOF, RobertsCT, NewmanSE, FrancisKL, et al. Nasal high-flow therapy during neonatal endotracheal intubation. N Engl J Med, 2022; 386(17):1627-1637.
46.
Butragueno-LaisecaL, TorresL, O’CampoE, de la Mata NavazoS, ToledanoJ, Lopez-HerceJ, et al. Evaluation of tracheal intubations in a pediatric intensive care unit. An Pediatr (Engl Ed), 2023; 98(2):109-118.
47.
GiulianoJJr, KrishnaA, NapolitanoN, PaniselloJ, ShenoiA, SandersRCJret al; National Emergency Airway Registry for Children (NEAR4KIDS) and Pediatric Acute Lung Injury and Sepsis Investigators (PALISI) Network. Implementation of videolaryngoscope-assisted coaching reduces adverse tracheal intubation-associated events in the PICU. Crit Care Med, 2023; 51(7):936-947.
48.
KhanamD, SchoenfeldE, Ginsberg-PeltzJ, Lutfy-ClaytonL, SchoenfeldDA, SpirkoBet al; National Emergency Airway Registry (NEAR) and National Emergency Airway Registry for Children (NEAR4KIDS) and Pediatric Acute Lung Injury and Sepsis Investigators (PALISI). First-pass success of intubations using video versus direct laryngoscopy in children with limited neck mobility. Pediatr Emerg Care, 2023. [Epub ahead of print].
49.
PandeCK, StayerK, RappoldT, AlvinM, KoszelaK, KudchadkarSR. Is provider training level associated with first-pass success of endotracheal intubation in the pediatric intensive care unit?. J Pediatr Intensive Care, 2023; 12(3):180-187.
50.
GladenKM, TellezD, NapolitanoN, EdwardsLR, SandersRCJr, KojimaTet al; National Emergency Airway Registry for Children (NEAR4KIDS) and Pediatric Acute Lung Injury and Sepsis Investigators (PALISI). Adverse tracheal intubation events in critically ill underweight and obese children: retrospective study of the National Emergency Airway for Children Registry (2013-2020). Pediatr Crit Care Med, 2024; 25(2):147-158.
51.
WilstermanEJJr, NellisME, PaniselloJ, Al-SubuA, BreuerR, KimuraDet al; National Emergency Airway Registry for Children (NEAR4KIDS) and Pediatric Acute Lung Injury and Sepsis Investigators (PALISI) Network. Evaluating airway management in patients with Trisomy 21 in the PICU and cardiac ICU: a retrospective cohort study. Pediatr Crit Care Med, 2023; 25(4):335-343.
52.
VanDeWallA, Harris-KoberS, FarooqiA, KannikeswaranN. Peri-intubation arrest in high-risk vs standard-risk pediatric trauma patients undergoing endotracheal intubation. Am J Emerg Med, 2023; 67:79-83.
53.
WhiteLD, VlokRA, ThangCY, TianDH, MelhuishTM. Oxygenation during the apneic phase preceding intubation in adults in prehospital, emergency department, intensive care, and operating theater environments. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2023; 8(8):CD013558.
54.
FuchsA, KoeppG, HuberM, AebliJ, AfshariA, BonfiglioR, et al. Apneic oxygenation during pediatric tracheal intubation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Anaesth, 2024; 132(2):392-406.
55.
NapolitanoN, PolikoffL, EdwardsL, TarquinioKM, NettS, KrawiecCet al; for National Emergency Airway Registry for Children (NEAR4KIDS) Investigators and Pediatric Acute Lung Injury and Sepsis Investigators (PALISI) Network. Effect of apneic oxygenation with intubation to reduce severe desaturation and adverse tracheal intubation–associated events in critically ill children. Crit Care, 2023; 27(1):26.
56.
LandefeldKR, KoikeS, RanR, SemlerMW, BarnesC, StempekSB, et al. Effect of laryngoscope blade size on first-pass success of tracheal intubation in critically ill adults. Crit Care Explor, 2023; 5(3):e0855.
57.
PrekkerME, BjorklundAR, MyersC, HarveyL, HortonGB, GoldsteinJ, et al. The pediatric bougie for the first tracheal intubation attempt in critically ill children. Ann Emerg Med, 2023; 81(6):667-676.
58.
KriegeM, RisselR, El BeyroutiH, HotzE. Awake tracheal intubation is associated with fewer adverse events in critical care patients than anesthetized tracheal intubation. J Clin Med, 2023; 12(18):[Epub ahead of print].
59.
Lemos CarvalhoVEL, CoutoTB, MouraBMH, SchvartsmanC, ReisAG. Atropine does not prevent hypoxemia and bradycardia in tracheal intubation in the pediatric emergency department: observational study. Rev Paul Pediatr, 2023; 42:e2022220.
60.
ForestellB, RamsdenS, SharifS, CentofantiJ, Al LawatiK, FernandoSM, et al. Supraglottic airway versus tracheal intubation for airway management in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and trial sequential analysis of randomized controlled trials. Crit Care Med, 2024; 52(2):e89-e99.
61.
AprilMD, DriverB, SchauerSG, CarlsonJN, BridwellRE, LongB, et al. Extraglottic device use is rare during emergency airway management: a National Emergency Airway Registry (NEAR) study. Am J Emerg Med, 2023; 72:95-100.
62.
HeegemanDJ, RosandickWD, Boehning-AndersonRH, WoltmannAR. Supraglottic airway device placement by respiratory therapists. Am J Emerg Med, 2018; 36(10):1845-1848.
63.
DiggikarS, KrishnegowdaR, NageshKN, LakshminrusimhaS, TrevisanutoD. Laryngeal mask airway versus face mask ventilation or intubation for neonatal resuscitation in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed, 2023; 108(2):156-163.
64.
SegondN, BellierA, DuhemH, SanchezC, BusiO, DeutschS, et al. Supraglottic airway device to improve ventilation success and reduce pulmonary aspiration during cardiopulmonary resuscitation by basic life support rescuers: a randomized crossover human cadaver study. Prehosp Emerg Care, 2023; 27(5):695-703.
65.
MauroGJ, ArmandoG, CabillonLN, BenitezST, MoglianiS, RoldanA, et al. Improvement in intubation success during COVID-19 pandemic with a simple and low-cost intervention: a quasi-experimental study. Med Intensiva (Engl Ed), 2024; 48(1):14-22.
66.
JangW, KangH, ShinH, KimC, LeeH, ChoiH. Introduction of infection prevention tracheal intubation protocol during the COVID-19 pandemic is not associated with first-pass success rates of endotracheal intubation in the emergency department: a before-and-after Comparative Study. J Pers Med, 2023; 13(6):[Epub ahead of print].
67.
KlujP, FedorczakA, FedorczakM, GaszyńskiT, KułakC, WasilewskiM, et al. Comparison of three video laryngoscopes and direct laryngoscopy for emergency endotracheal intubation while wearing PPE-AGP: a randomized crossover, simulation Trial. Healthcare (Basel), 2023; 11(6).
68.
MohrNM, Santos LeonE, CarlsonJN, DriverB, KrishnadasanA, HarlandKKet al; Project COVERED Emergency Department Network. Endotracheal intubation strategy, success, and adverse events among emergency department patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Ann Emerg Med, 2023; 81(2):145-157.
69.
ShamimF, SohaibM, SamadK, KhanMF, ManjiAA, LatifA. Ease of intubation with McGRATH videolaryngoscope and incidence of adverse events during tracheal intubation in COVID-19 patients: a prospective observational study. J Crit Care Med (Targu Mures), 2023; 9(3):162-169.
70.
WalkerPW, BurdetteM, SusiL, GuyetteFX, Martin-GillC. Association between first-pass intubation success and enhanced PPE use during the COVID-19 pandemic. Prehosp Emerg Care, 2024; 28(2):209-214.
71.
EvrinT, DabkowskiM, PrucM, HernikJ, WieczorekW, ChabowskiL, et al. ETView SL versus Macintosh direct laryngoscope for endotracheal intubation amid simulated COVID-19 cardiac arrest: a randomized crossover study. J Clin Med, 2023; 12(15):5074.
72.
EvrinT, Ozturk SonmezL, GadekL, PrucM, NavolokinaA, WieczorekW, et al. Impact of Vie Scope on first-attempt success during simulated COVID-19 patients intubation: a randomized crossover simulation trial. Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg, 2023; 29(4):463-470.
73.
NikollaDA, BouletS, CarlsonJN. Comparison of rigid and articulating video stylets during simulated endotracheal intubation with hyperangulated videolaryngoscopy. J Emerg Med, 2023; 64(3):315-320.
74.
SteffenR, HischierS, RotenFM, HuberM, KnappJ. Airway management during ongoing chest compressions-direct vs videolaryngoscopy. A randomized manikin study. PLoS One, 2023; 18(2):e0281186.
75.
RatajczykP, FedorczakM, KlujP, GaszynskiT. A comparison of tracheal intubation using IntuBrite laryngoscope and conventional MAC laryngoscope: an open, prospective, crossover manikin study. Medicine (Baltimore), 2023; 102(45):e35846.
76.
AcquistoNM, MosierJM, BittnerEA, PatanwalaAE, HirschKG, HargwoodP, et al. Society of Critical Care Medicine clinical practice guidelines for rapid sequence intubation in the critically ill adult patient. Crit Care Med, 2023; 51(10):1411-1430.
77.
SaulSA, WardPA, McNarryAF. Airway management: the current role of videolaryngoscopy. J Pers Med, 2023; 13(9):1327.
HanselJ, LawJA, ChrimesN, HiggsA, CookTM. Clinical tests for confirming tracheal intubation or excluding esophageal intubation: a diagnostic test accuracy systematic review and meta-analysis. Anaesthesia, 2023; 78(8):1020-1030.
80.
KellyE, HirschwaldJ, ClemensJ, ReganJ. Persistent features of laryngeal injury following endotracheal intubation: a systematic review. Dysphagia, 2023; 38(5):1333-1341.
81.
KhanMJ, KarmakarA. Emerging robotic innovations and artificial intelligence in endotracheal intubation and airway management: current state of the art. Cureus, 2023; 15(7):e42625.
82.
LiuY, MaW, LiuJ. Applications of airway ultrasound for endotracheal intubation in pediatric patients: a systematic review. J Clin Med, 2023; 12(4):1477.