McDonoughJE, YuanR, SuzukiM, SeyednejadN, ElliottWM, SanchezPG, et al. Small-airway obstruction and emphysema in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N Engl J Med, 2011; 365(17):1567–1575.
2.
HoggJC, ChuF, UtokaparchS, WoodsR, ElliottWM, BuzatuL, et al. The nature of small-airway obstruction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N Engl J Med, 2004; 350(26):2645–2653.
AgustíA, CelliBR, CrinerGJ, HalpinD, AnzuetoA, BarnesP, et al. Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease 2023 Report: GOLD Executive Summary. Eur Respir J, 2023; 61(4):23002239.
5.
RochwergB, BrochardL, ElliottMW, HessD, HillNS, NavaS, et al. Official ERS/ATS clinical practice guidelines: noninvasive ventilation for acute respiratory failure. Eur Respir J, 2017; 50(2):1602426.
6.
LightowlerJV, ElliottMW. Predicting the outcome from NIV for acute exacerbations of COPD. Thorax, 2000; 55(10):815–816.
7.
Bodet-ContentinL, GuillonA, BoulainT, FratJ-P, GarotD, Le PennecD, et al. Salbutamol nebulization during noninvasive ventilation in exacerbated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients: a randomized controlled trial. J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv, 2019; 32(3):149–155.
8.
ArunsuratI, RittayamaiN, ChuaychooB, et al. Bronchodilator efficacy of high-flow nasal cannula in COPD: vibrating mesh nebulizer versus jet nebulizer. Respir Care, 2024; 69(2):157–165.
9.
FraserJF, SpoonerAJ, DunsterKR, AnsteyCM, CorleyA. Nasal high flow oxygen therapy in patients with COPD reduces respiratory rate and tissue carbon dioxide while increasing tidal and end-expiratory lung volumes: a randomised crossover trial. Thorax, 2016; 71(8):759–761.
10.
PisaniL, FasanoL, CorcioneN, ComelliniV, MustiMA, BrandaoM, et al. Change in pulmonary mechanics and the effect on breathing pattern of high flow oxygen therapy in stable hypercapnic COPD. Thorax, 2017; 72(4):373–375.
11.
MollerW, FengS, DomanskiU, FrankeK-J, CelikG, BartensteinP, et al. Nasal high flow reduces dead space. J Appl Physiol (1985), 2017; 122(1):191–197.
12.
MauriT, TurriniC, EroniaN, GrasselliG, VoltaCA, BellaniG, PesentiA. Physiologic effects of high-flow nasal cannula in acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2017; 195(9):1207–1215.
13.
BraunlichJ, MauersbergerF, WirtzH. Effectiveness of nasal highflow in hypercapnic COPD patients is flow and leakage dependent. BMC Pulm Med, 2018; 18(1):14.
Di MussiR, SpadaroS, StripoliT, VoltaCA, TrerotoliP, PierucciP, et al. High-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy decreases postextubation neuroventilatory drive and work of breathing in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Crit Care, 2018; 22(1):180.
16.
MauriT, AlbanL, TurriniC, CambiaghiB, CarlessoE, TacconeP, et al. Optimum support by high-flow nasal cannula in acute hypoxemic respiratory failure: effects of increasing flow rates. Intensive Care Med, 2017; 43(10):1453–1463.
17.
OczkowskiS, ErganB, BosL, ChatwinM, FerrerM, GregorettiC, et al. ERS clinical practice guidelines: high-flow nasal cannula in acute respiratory failure. Eur Respir J, 2022; 59(4):2101574.
18.
KimES, LeeH, KimSJ, ParkJ, LeeYJ, ParkJS, et al. Effectiveness of high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy for acute respiratory failure with hypercapnia. J Thorac Dis, 2018; 10(2):882–888.
19.
LeeMK, ChoiJ, ParkB, KimB, LeeSJ, KimS-H, et al. High flow nasal cannulae oxygen therapy in acute-moderate hypercapnic respiratory failure. Clin Respir J, 2018; 12(6):2046–2056.
20.
RéminiacF, VecellioL, LoughlinRM, Le PennecD, CabreraM, Vourc'hNH, et al. Nasal high flow nebulization in infants and toddlers: an in vitro and in vivo scintigraphic study. Pediatr Pulmonol, 2017; 52(3):337–344.
21.
SnellNJ, GandertonD. Assessing lung deposition of inhaled medications. Consensus statement from a workshop of the British Association for Lung Research, held at the Institute of Biology, London, U.K. on 17 Apr 1998. Respir Med, 1999; 93(2):123–133.
22.
AlcoforadoL, AriA, BarcelarJM, BrandãoSCS, FinkJB, de AndradeAD. Impact of gas flow and humidity on trans-nasal aerosol deposition via nasal cannula in adults: a randomized cross-over study. Pharmaceutics, 2019; 11(7):320.
23.
ReminiacF, VecellioL, Heuze-Vourc'hN, PetitcollinA, RespaudR, CabreraM, et al. Aerosol therapy in adults receiving high flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy. J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv, 2016; 29(2):134–141.
24.
BeuvonC, CoudroyR, BardinJ, MarjanovicN, RaultC, BironneauV, et al. β Agonist delivery by high-flow nasal cannula during COPD exacerbation. Respir Care, 2022; 67(1):9–15.
25.
MillerMR, HankinsonJ, BrusascoV, BurgosF, CasaburiR, CoatesA, et al. ATS/ERS Task Force. Standardisation of spirometry. Eur Respir J, 2005; 26(2):319–338.
26.
KingGG, BatesJ, BergerKI, CalverleyP, de MeloPL, DellacàRL, et al. Technical standards for respiratory oscillometry. Eur Respir J, 2020; 55(2):1900753.
ReminiacF, VecellioL, Bodet-ContentinL, GissotV, Le PennecD, SalmonGC, et al. Nasal high-flow bronchodilator nebulization: a randomized cross-over study. Ann Intensive Care, 2018; 8(1):128.
29.
MadneyYM, LazNI, ElberryAA, RabeaH, AbdelrahimMEA. Aerosol delivery aspects within a high-flow therapy system in COPD patients. ERJ Open Res, 2021; 7(1):00422-2020.