Many high-quality clinical trials and meta-analyses on the utilization of high-flow nasal cannula for adult patients have been published in the last 2 years. This review summarizes the recent clinical evidence, with the aim to provide the currently available evidence regarding the utilization of high-flow nasal cannula for the adult patient.
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2.
Vourc'hM, NicoletJ, VolteauC, CaubertL, ChabbertC, LepoivreT, et al. High-flow therapy by nasal cannulae versus high-flow face mask in severe hypoxemia after cardiac surgery: a single-center randomized controlled study-the heart flow study. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth, 2020; 34(1):157–165.
3.
BräunlichJ, DellwegD, BastianA, BudweiserS, RanderathW, TrichéD, et al. Nasal high-flow versus noninvasive ventilation in patients with chronic hypercapnic COPD. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis, 2019; 14:1411–1421.
4.
FerrandoC, PuigJ, SerraltaF, CarrizoJ, PozoN, ArocasB, et al. High-flow nasal cannula oxygenation reduces postoperative hypoxemia in morbidly obese patients: a randomized controlled trial. Minerva Anestesiol, 2019; 85(10):1062–1070.
5.
FratJP, RicardJD, QuenotJP, PichonN, DemouleA, ForelJM, et al. Non-invasive ventilation versus high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy with apnoeic oxygenation for preoxygenation before intubation of patients with acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure: a randomised, multicentre, open-label trial. Lancet Respir Med, 2019; 7(4):303–312.
6.
JingG, LiJ, HaoD, WangT, SunY, TianH, et al. Comparison of high flow nasal cannula with noninvasive ventilation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients with hypercapnia in preventing postextubation respiratory failure: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Res Nurs Health, 2019; 42(3):217–225.
7.
LinY, ZhangX, LiL, WeiM, ZhaoB, WangX, et al. High-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy and hypoxia during gastroscopy with propofol sedation: a randomized multicenter clinical trial. Gastrointest Endosc, 2019; 90(4):591–601.
8.
PennisiMA, BelloG, CongedoMT, MontiniL, NachiraD, FerrettiGM, et al. Early nasal high-flow versus venturi mask oxygen therapy after lung resection: a randomized trial. Crit Care, 2019; 23(1):68.
9.
PrieurG, MedrinalC, CombretY, Dupuis LozeronE, BonnevieT, GravierFE, et al. Nasal high flow does not improve exercise tolerance in COPD patients recovering from acute exacerbation: a randomized crossover study. Respirology, 2019; 24(11):1088–1094.
10.
SaksitthichokB, PetnakT, So-NgernA, BoonsarngsukV. A prospective randomized comparative study of high-flow nasal cannula oxygen and non-invasive ventilation in hypoxemic patients undergoing diagnostic flexible bronchoscopy. J Thorac Dis, 2019; 11(5):1929–1939.
11.
ThilleAW, MullerG, GacouinA, CoudroyR, DecaveleM, SonnevilleR, et al. Effect of postextubation high-flow nasal oxygen with noninvasive ventilation vs high-flow nasal oxygen alone on reintubation among patients at high risk of extubation failure: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA, 2019; 322(15):1465–1475.
12.
Vourc'hM, BaudG, FeuilletF, BlanchardC, MirallieE, GuittonC, et al. High-flow nasal cannulae versus non-invasive ventilation for preoxygenation of obese patients: the PREOPTIPOP randomized trial. EClinicalMedicine, 2019; 13:112–119.
13.
RiccioCA, SarmientoS, MinhajuddinA, NasirD, FoxAA. High-flow versus standard nasal cannula in morbidly obese patients during colonoscopy: a prospective, randomized clinical trial. J Clin Anesth, 2019; 54:19–24.
14.
TengWN, TingCK, WangYT, HouMC, ChangWK, TsouMY, et al. High-flow nasal cannula and mandibular advancement bite block decrease hypoxic events during sedative esophagogastroduodenoscopy: a randomized clinical trial. Biomed Res Int, 2019; 2019:4206795.
15.
DouglasN, NgI, NazeemF, LeeK, MezzaviaP, KrieserR, et al. A randomised controlled trial comparing high-flow nasal oxygen with standard management for conscious sedation during bronchoscopy. Anaesthesia, 2018; 73(2):169–176.
16.
SpoletiniG, MegaC, PisaniL, AlotaibiM, KhojaA, PriceLL, et al. High-flow nasal therapy vs standard oxygen during breaks off noninvasive ventilation for acute respiratory failure: a pilot randomized controlled trial. J Crit Care, 2018; 48:418–425.
17.
ZochiosV, CollierT, BlaudszunG, ButchartA, EarwakerM, JonesN, KleinAA. The effect of high-flow nasal oxygen on hospital length of stay in cardiac surgical patients at high risk for respiratory complications: a randomised controlled trial. Anaesthesia, 2018; 73(12):1478–1488.
18.
AzoulayE, LemialeV, MokartD, NseirS, ArgaudL, PèneF, et al. Effect of high-flow nasal oxygen vs standard oxygen on 28-day mortality in immunocompromised patients with acute respiratory failure: the HIGH randomized clinical trial. JAMA, 2018; 320(20):2099–2107.
19.
BräunlichJ, WirtzH. Oral versus nasal high-flow bronchodilator inhalation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv, 2018; 31(4):248–254.
20.
ReminiacF, VecellioL, Bodet-ContentinL, GissotV, Le PennecD, SalmonGC, et al. Nasal high-flow bronchodilator nebulization: a randomized cross-over study. Ann Intensive Care, 2018; 8(1):128.
21.
StorgaardLH, HockeyHU, LaursenBS, WeinreichUM. Long-term effects of oxygen-enriched high-flow nasal cannula treatment in COPD patients with chronic hypoxemic respiratory failure. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis, 2018; 13:1195–1205.
22.
RochwergB, GrantonD, WangDX, HelvizY, EinavS, FratJP, et al. High flow nasal cannula compared with conventional oxygen therapy for acute hypoxemic respiratory failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Intensive Care Med, 2019; 45(5):563–572.
23.
CortegianiA, CrimiC, SanfilippoF, NotoA, Di FalcoD, GrasselliG, et al. High flow nasal therapy in immunocompromised patients with acute respiratory failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Crit Care, 2019; 50:250–256.
24.
KangH, ZhaoZ, TongZ. Effect of high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy in immunocompromised subjects with acute respiratory failure. Respir Care, 2019 [Epub ahead of print].
25.
ZhuY, YinH, ZhangR, YeX, WeiJ. High-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy versus conventional oxygen therapy in patients after planned extubation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Care, 2019; 23(1):180.
26.
LuZ, ChangW, MengSS, ZhangX, XieJ, XuJY, et al. Effect of high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy compared with conventional oxygen therapy in postoperative patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open, 2019; 9(8):e027523.
27.
FongKM, AuSY, NgG. Preoxygenation before intubation in adult patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure: a network meta-analysis of randomized trials. Crit Care, 2019; 23(1):319.
28.
HuangHW, SunXM, ShiZH, ChenGQ, ChenL, FriedrichJO, ZhouJX. Effect of high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy versus conventional oxygen therapy and noninvasive ventilation on reintubation rate in adult patients after extubation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Intensive Care Med, 2018; 33(11):609–623.
29.
ShenY, CaiG, YanJ. Effect of high flow nasal cannula therapy may be modified by PaO2/FIO2 ratio in acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. Intensive Care Med, 2019; 45(8):1169–1170.
30.
TinelliV, CabriniL, FominskiyE, FranchiniS, FerranteL, BallL, et al. High flow nasal cannula oxygen vs. conventional oxygen therapy and noninvasive ventilation in emergency department patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Emerg Med, 2019; 57(3):322–328.
31.
ZayedY, BanifadelM, BarbarawiM, KheiriB, ChahineA, RashdanL, et al. Noninvasive oxygenation strategies in immunocompromised patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure: a pairwise and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Intensive Care Med, 2019 [Epub ahead of print].
32.
NiYN, LuoJ, YuH, LiuD, NiZ, ChengJ, et al. Can high-flow nasal cannula reduce the rate of endotracheal intubation in adult patients with acute respiratory failure compared with conventional oxygen therapy and noninvasive positive pressure ventilation? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Chest, 2017; 151(4):764–775.
33.
MaitraS, SomA, BhattacharjeeS, AroraMK, BaidyaDK. Comparison of high-flow nasal oxygen therapy with conventional oxygen therapy and noninvasive ventilation in adult patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure: a meta-analysis and systematic review. J Crit Care, 2016; 35:138–144.
34.
LeeCC, MankodiD, ShaharyarS, RavindranathanS, DanckersM, HerscoviciP, et al. High flow nasal cannula versus conventional oxygen therapy and non-invasive ventilation in adults with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure: a systematic review. Respir Med, 2016; 121:100–108.
35.
TiruvoipatiR, LewisD, HajiK, BothaJ. High-flow nasal oxygen vs high-flow face mask: a randomized crossover trial in extubated patients. J Crit Care, 2010; 25(3):463–468.
36.
FutierE, Paugam-BurtzC, GodetT, Khoy-EarL, RozencwajgS, DelayJM, et al. Effect of early postextubation high-flow nasal cannula vs conventional oxygen therapy on hypoxaemia in patients after major abdominal surgery: a French multicentre randomised controlled trial (OPERA). Intensive Care Med, 2016; 42(12):1888–1898.
37.
CorleyA, BullT, SpoonerAJ, BarnettAG, FraserJF. Direct extubation onto high-flow nasal cannulae post-cardiac surgery versus standard treatment in patients with a BMI ≥ 30: a randomised controlled trial. Intensive Care Med, 2015; 41(5):887–894.
38.
YuY, QianX, LiuC, ZhuC. Effect of high-flow nasal cannula versus conventional oxygen therapy for patients with thoracoscopic lobectomy after extubation. Can Respir J, 2017; 2017:7894631.
39.
HernándezG, VaqueroC, ColinasL, CuenaR, GonzálezP, CanabalA, et al. Effect of postextubation high-flow nasal cannula vs noninvasive ventilation on reintubation and postextubation respiratory failure in high-risk patients: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA, 2016; 316(15):1565–1574.
40.
BesnierE, HobeikaS, NSeirS, LambiotteF, Du CheyronD, SauneufB, et al. High-flow nasal cannula therapy: clinical practice in intensive care units. Ann Intensive Care, 2019; 9(1):98.
41.
SimonM, BrauneS, FringsD, WiontzekAK, KloseH, KlugeS. High-flow nasal cannula oxygen versus non-invasive ventilation in patients with acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure undergoing flexible bronchoscopy: a prospective randomised trial. Crit Care, 2014; 18(6):712.
42.
FraserJF, SpoonerAJ, DunsterKR, AnsteyCM, CorleyA. Nasal high flow oxygen therapy in patients with COPD reduces respiratory rate and tissue carbon dioxide while increasing tidal and end-expiratory lung volumes: a randomised crossover trial. Thorax, 2016; 71(8):759–761.
43.
PisaniL, FasanoL, CorcioneN, ComelliniV, MustiMA, BrandaoM, et al. Change in pulmonary mechanics and the effect on breathing pattern of high flow oxygen therapy in stable hypercapnic COPD. Thorax, 2017; 72(4):373–375.
44.
BiselliP, FrickeK, GroteL, BraunAT, KirknessJ, SmithP, et al. Reductions in dead space ventilation with nasal high flow depend on physiological dead space volume: metabolic hood measurements during sleep in patients with COPD and controls. Eur Respir J, 2018; 51(5):1702251.
45.
PilcherJ, EastlakeL, RichardsM, PowerS, CrippsT, BibbyS, et al. Physiological effects of titrated oxygen via nasal high-flow cannulae in COPD exacerbations: a randomized controlled cross-over trial. Respirology, 2017; 22(6):1149–1155.
46.
PisaniL, AstutoM, PredilettoI, LonghiniF. High flow through nasal cannula in exacerbated COPD patients: a systematic review. Pulmonology, 2019; 25(6):348–354.
47.
LeeMK, ChoiJ, ParkB, KimB, LeeSJ, KimSH, et al. High flow nasal cannulae oxygen therapy in acute-moderate hypercapnic respiratory failure. Clin Respir J, 2018; 12(6):2046–2056.
48.
SunJ, LiY, LingB, ZhuQ, HuY, TanD, et al. High flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy versus non-invasive ventilation for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with acute-moderate hypercapnic respiratory failure: an observational cohort study. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis, 2019; 14:1229–1237.
49.
LonghiniF, PisaniL, LunguR, ComelliniV, BruniA, GarofaloE, et al. High-flow oxygen therapy after noninvasive ventilation interruption in patients recovering from hypercapnic acute respiratory failure: a physiological crossover trial. Crit Care Med, 2019; 47(6):e506–e511.
50.
CortegianiA, LonghiniF, CarlucciA, ScalaR, GroffP, BruniA, et al. High-flow nasal therapy versus noninvasive ventilation in COPD patients with mild-to-moderate hypercapnic acute respiratory failure: study protocol for a noninferiority randomized clinical trial. Trials, 2019; 20(1):450.
51.
ReaH, McAuleyS, JayaramL, GarrettJ, HockeyH, StoreyL, et al. The clinical utility of long-term humidification therapy in chronic airway disease. Respir Med, 2010; 104(4):525–533.
52.
MilneRJ, HockeyH, ReaH. Long-term air humidification therapy is cost-effective for patients with moderate or severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or bronchiectasis. Value Health, 2014; 17(4):320–327.
53.
NagataK, KikuchiT, HorieT, ShirakiA, KitajimaT, KadowakiT, et al. Domiciliary high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy for patients with stable hypercapnic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a multicenter randomized crossover trial. Ann Am Thorac Soc, 2018; 15(4):432–439.
54.
CirioS, PiranM, VitaccaM, PiaggiG, CerianaP, PrazzoliM, et al. Effects of heated and humidified high flow gases during high-intensity constant-load exercise on severe COPD patients with ventilatory limitation. Respir Med, 2016; 118:128–132.
55.
RitchieJE, WilliamsAB, GerardC, HockeyH. Evaluation of a humidified nasal high-flow oxygen system, using oxygraphy, capnography and measurement of upper airway pressures. Anaesth Intensive Care, 2011; 39(6):1103–1110.
56.
MauriT, AlbanL, TurriniC, CambiaghiB, CarlessoE, TacconeP, et al. Optimum support by high-flow nasal cannula in acute hypoxemic respiratory failure: effects of increasing flow rates. Intensive Care Med, 2017; 43(10):1453–1463.
57.
RocaO, MessikaJ, CaraltB, García-de-AciluM, SztrymfB, RicardJD, MasclansJR. Predicting success of high-flow nasal cannula in pneumonia patients with hypoxemic respiratory failure: the utility of the rox index. J Crit Care, 2016; 35:200–205.
58.
RocaO, CaraltB, MessikaJ, SamperM, SztrymfB, HernándezG, et al. An index combining respiratory rate and oxygenation to predict outcome of nasal high-flow therapy. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2019; 199(11):1368–1376.
59.
ZemachS, HelvizY, ShitritM, FriedmanR, LevinPD. The use of high-flow nasal cannula oxygen outside the ICU. Respir Care, 2019; 64(11):1333–1342.
60.
RodriguezM, ThilleAW, BoissierF, VeinsteinA, ChatellierD, RobertR, et al. Predictors of successful separation from high-flow nasal oxygen therapy in patients with acute respiratory failure: a retrospective monocenter study. Ann Intensive Care, 2019; 9(1):101.
61.
MauriT, CarlessoE, SpinelliE, TurriniC, CorteFD, RussoR, et al. Increasing support by nasal high flow acutely modifies the rox index in hypoxemic patients: a physiologic study. J Crit Care, 2019; 53:183–185.
62.
DuprezF, BruyneelA, MachayekhiS, DroguetM, BouckaertY, BrimioulleS, et al. The double-trunk mask improves oxygenation during high-flow nasal cannula therapy for acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. Respir Care, 2019; 64(8):908–914.
63.
BennettG, JoyceM, FernándezEF, MacLoughlinR. Comparison of aerosol delivery across combinations of drug delivery interfaces with and without concurrent high-flow nasal therapy. Intensive Care Med Exp, 2019; 7(1):20.
64.
DugernierJ, ReychlerG, VecellioL, EhrmannS. Nasal high-flow nebulization for lung drug delivery: theoretical, experimental, and clinical application. J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv, 2019; 32(6):341–351.
65.
LevySD, AlladinaJW, HibbertKA, HarrisRS, BajwaEK, HessDR. High-flow oxygen therapy and other inhaled therapies in intensive care units. Lancet, 2016; 387(10030):1867–1878.
66.
LiJ, ZhaoM, HadeerM, LuoJ, FinkJB. Dose response to transnasal pulmonary administration of bronchodilator aerosols via nasal high-flow therapy in adults with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma. Respiration, 2019; 98(5):401–409.
67.
BaudinF, BuissonA, VanelB, MassenavetteB, PouyauR, JavouheyE. Nasal high flow in management of children with status asthmaticus: a retrospective observational study. Ann Intensive Care, 2017; 7(1):55.
68.
LiJ, HarnoisLJ, MarkosB, RobertsKM, HomoudSA, LiuJ, et al. Epoprostenol delivered via high flow nasal cannula for ICU subjects with severe hypoxemia comorbid with pulmonary hypertension or right heart dysfunction. Pharmaceutics, 2019; 11(6):281.
69.
AmmarMA, SasidharM, LamSW. Inhaled epoprostenol through noninvasive routes of ventilator support systems. Ann Pharmacother, 2018; 52(12):1173–1181.
70.
LiJ, GurnaniPK, RobertsKM, FinkJB, VinesD. The clinical impact of flow titration on epoprostenol delivery via high flow nasal cannula for ICU patients with pulmonary hypertension or right ventricular dysfunction: a retrospective cohort comparison study. J Clin Med, 2020; 9(2):464.
