HaynesJM. Randomized controlled trial of cryoanalgesia (ice bag) to reduce pain associated with arterial puncture. Respir Care, 2015; 60(1):1–5.
2.
TurnerJS, BriggsSJ, SpringhornHE, PotgieterPD. Patients' recollection of intensive care unit experience. Crit Care Med, 1990; 18(9):966–968.
3.
LightowlerJV, ElliottMW. Local anaesthetic infiltration prior to arterial puncture for blood gas analysis: a survey of current practice and a randomised double blind placebo controlled trial. J R Coll Physicians Lond, 1997; 31(6):645–646.
4.
FranceJE, BeechFJ, JakemanN, BengerJR. Anaesthesia for arterial puncture in the emergency department: a randomized trial of subcutaneous lidocaine, ethyl chloride or nothing. Eur J Emerg Med, 2008; 15(4):218–220.
5.
ArmstrongP, YoungC, McKeownD. Ethyl chloride and venepuncture pain: a comparison with intradermal lidocaine. Can J Anaesth, 1990; 37(6):656–658.
6.
SelbyIR, BowlesBJ. Analgesia for venous cannulation: a comparison of EMLA (5 min application), lignocaine, ethyl chloride, and nothing. J R Soc Med, 1995; 88(5):264–267.
7.
AaronSD, VandemheenKL, NaftelSA, LewisMJ, RodgerMA. Topical tetracaine prior to arterial puncture: a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Respir Med, 2003; 97(11):1195–1199.
HajiseyedjavadyH, SaeediM, EslamiV, ShahsavariniaK, FarahmandS. Less painful arterial blood gas sampling using jet injection of 2% lidocaine: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Am J Emerg Med, 2012; 30(7):1100–1104.