NucktonT, AlonsoJ, KalletR, DanielB, PittetJP, EisnerM, MatthayMA. Early elevation in dead-space ventilation is associated with mortality risk in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med, 2002; 346(17):1281–1286.
2.
LuceJM. Acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Crit Care Med, 1998; 26(2):369–376.
3.
The Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network. Ventilation with lower tidal volumes as compared with traditional tidal volumes for acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med, 2000; 342(18):1301–1308.
4.
SuterPM, FairleyHB, IsenbergMD. Optimal end-expiratory airway pressure in patients with acute pulmonary failure. N Engl J Med, 1975; 292(6):284–289.
5.
KalletRH, AlonsoJA, PittetJF, MatthayMA. Prognostic value of the pulmonary dead-space fraction during the first 6 days of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Respir Care, 2004; 49(9):1008–1014.
6.
CepkovaM, KapurV, RenX, QuinnT, ZhuoH, FosterE, LiuKD, MatthayMA. Pulmonary dead space fraction and pulmonary artery systolic pressure as early predictors of clinical outcome in acute lung injury. Chest, 2007; 132(3):836–842.
7.
LucangeloU, BernableF, VatuaS, DEgrassiG, VillagraA, FernandezR, RomeroPV, SauraP, BorelliM, BlanchL. Prognostic value of different dead space indices in mechanically ventilated patients with acute lung injury and ARDS. Chest, 2008; 133(1):62–71.
8.
RaurichJM, VilarM, ColomarA, IbanezJ, AyestaranI, Perez-BarcenaJ, Llompart-PouJA. Prognostic value of the pulmonary dead-space fraction during early and intermediate phases of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Respir Care, 2010; 55(3):282–287.
9.
WestJB. Respiratory physiology: the essentials, 8th edition. Philadelphia: Lippencott Williams & Williams; 2008:26.
10.
WareLB, MatthayMA. The acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med, 2000; 342(18):1334–1349.
11.
OngT, McClintockDE, KalletRH, WareLB, MatthayMA, LiuKD. Ratio of angiopoietin-2 to angiopoietin-1 as a predictor of mortality in acute lung injury patients. Crit Care Med, 2010; 38(9):1–7.
12.
RaurichJM, FerreruelaM, Llompart-PouJA, VilarM, ColomarA, AyestaranI, Perez-BarcenaJ, IbanezJ. Potential effects of corticosteroids on physiologic dead space fraction in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Respir Care, 2012; 57(3):377–383.
LiuKD, LevittJ, ZhuoH, KalletRH, BradyS, SteingrubJ, TidswellM, SiegelMD, SotoG, PetersonMW, ChesnuttMS, PhillipsC, WeinackerA, ThompsonBT, EisnerMD, MatthayMA. Randomized clinical trial of activated protein C for the treatment of acute lung injury. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2008; 178(6):618–623.
15.
KalletRH, JasmerRM, PittetJF. Alveolar dead-space response to activated protein C in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Respir Care, 2010; 55(5):617–622.
16.
DixonB, CampbellDJ, SantamariaJD. Elevated pulmonary dead space and coagulation abnormalities suggests microvascular thrombosis in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Intensive Care Med, 2008; 34(7):1216–1223.
17.
GattinoniL, VagginelliF, CarlessoE, TacconeP, ConteV, ChiumelloD, ValenzaF, CaironiP, PesentiA. Decrease in PaCO2 with prone position is predictive of improved outcome in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Crit Care Med, 2003; 31(12):2727–2733.
18.
GattinoniL, CaironiP, CressoniM, ChiumelloD, RanieriVM, QuintelM, RussoS, PatronitiN, CornejoR, BugedoG. Lung recruitment in patients with the acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med, 2006; 354(17):1771–1786.
19.
CharronC, RepesseX, BouferracheK, BodsonL, CastroS, PageB, JardinF, Vieillard-BaronA. PaCO2 and alveolar dead space are more relevant than PaO2/FIO2 in monitoring the respiratory response to prone position in acute respiratory distress syndrome patients: a physiologic study. Critical Care, 2011; 15R:175.
20.
MaischS, ReissmannH, FuellekrugB, WeismannD, RutkowskiT, TusmanG, BohmSH. Compliance and dead space fraction indicate an optimal level of positive end-expiratory pressure after recruitment in anesthetized patients. Anesth Analg, 2008; 106(1):175–181.
21.
TusmanG, Suarez-SipmannF, BohmSH, PechT, ReissmannH, MeschinoG. Monitoring dead space during recruitment and PEEP titration in experimental model. Intensive Care Med, 2006; 32(11):1863–1871.
22.
TusmanG, Suarez-SipmannF, BohmSH, BorgesJB, HendenstiernaG. Capnography reflects ventilation/perfusion distribution in a model of acute lung injury. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand, 2011; 55(5):597–606.
23.
RobertsonHT, SwensonER. What do dead-space measurements tell us about the lung with acute respiratory distress syndrome?. Respir Care, 2004; 49(9):1006–1007.
24.
FeihlF, MelotC, BrimioulleS. Pulmonary dead space and survival. N Engl J Med, 2002; 347(1):347..
25.
MurrayJF, MatthayMA, LuceJM, FlickMR. An expanded definition of the adult respiratory distress syndrome. Am Rev Respir Dis, 1988; 138(4):720–723.
26.
DoyleRL, SzaflarskiN, ModinGW, Wiener-KronishJP, MatthayMA. Identification of patients with acute lung injury: predictors of mortality. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 1995; 152(6):1818–1824.
27.
KalletRH, DanielB, GarciaO, MatthayMA. Accuracy of physiologic dead space measurements in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome using volumetric capnography: Comparison with the metabolic monitor method. Respir Care, 2005; 50(4):462–467.