Avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a major cause of poor weight gain and mortality among chicks.
Methods
A lentivirus vector was used to generate transgenic chickens expressing small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting the M protein of IBV. Offspring of generation 0 (G0) were screened to identify G1 transgenic chickens (Tg). Monocytes from G1 Tg were stimulated with IBV in vitro.
Results
Monocytes producing siRNA efficiently inhibit IBV replication. Expression of inflammatory cytokines, Mx protein and nitric oxide levels were lower in early IBV infection in Tg. In vivo experiments show that siRNA expression inhibits IBV replication, significantly decreases mortality and increases weight gain. Inflammatory responses and oxidative damage were significantly decreased, yielding minimal tissue injury. The inflammatory responses indicate that the cellular immune response is most effective during the initial stage, while the humoral immune response is more significant in later stages of infection.
Conclusions
Small interfering RNA expression inhibits avian IBV replication and inflammatory response.
References
1.
GonzálezJ.M., Gomez-PuertasP., CavanaghD., GorbalenyaA.E., EnjuanesL.A comparative sequence analysis to revise the current taxonomy of the family Coronaviridae.Arch Virol2003; 148: 2207–2235.
2.
CavanaghD.Coronaviruses in poultry and other birds.Avian Pathol2005; 34: 439–448.
3.
JonesR.C.Viral respiratory diseases (ILT, aMPV infections, IB): are they ever under control?Br Poult Sci2010; 51: 1–11.
4.
AmbaliA.G., JonesR.C.Early pathogenesis in chicks of infection with an enterotropic strain of infectious bronchitis virus.Avian Dis1990; 34: 809–817.
5.
BrittonP., CavanaghD.Avian coronavirus diseases and infectious bronchitis vaccine development. In ThielV. (Editor). Coronaviruses: molecular and cellular biology. UK: Caister Academic Press2007; pp. 161–181.
6.
AdzharA.B., ShawK., BrittonP., CavanaghD.Avian infectious bronchitis virus: differences between 793/B and other strains.Vet Rec1995; 136: 548.
7.
CavanaghD., GelbJ.Jr.. Infectious bronchitis. In SaifY.M. (Editor). Diseases of Poultry. Iowa: Blackwell Publishing2008; pp. 117–135.
8.
BayryJ., GoudarM.S., NighotP.K.Emergence of a nephropathogenicavian infectious bronchitis virus with a novelgenotype in India.J Clin Microbiol2005; 43: 916–918.
9.
ArmestoM., CasaisR., CavanaghD., BrittonP.Transient dominant selection for the modification and generation of recombinant infectious bronchitis coronaviruses.Methods Mol Biol2008; 454: 255–273.
10.
CavanaghD., DavisP.J., CookJ.K., LiD., KantA., KochG.Location of the amino acid differences in the S1 spike glycoprotein subunit of closely related serotypes of infectious bronchitis virus.Avian Pathol1992; 21: 33–43.
11.
LiY.C., KongL.H., ChengB.Z., LiK.S.Construction of influenza virus siRNA expression vectors and their inhibitory effects on multiplication of influenza virus.Avian Dis2005; 49: 562–573.
12.
KapadiaS.B., Brideau-AndersenA., ChisariF.V.Interference of hepatitis C virus RNA replication by short interfering RNAs.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A2003; 100: 2014–2018.
13.
McCaffreyA.P., NakaiH., PandeyK.Inhibition of hepatitis B virus in mice by RNA interference.Nat Biotechnol2003; 21: 639–644.
14.
LyallJ., IrvineR.M., ShermanA.Suppression of avian influenza transmission in genetically modified chickens.Science2011; 331: 223–226.
15.
de HaanC.A., LiZ., te LinteloE., BoschB.J., HaijemaB.J., RottierP.J.Murine coronavirus with an extended host range uses heparan sulfate as an entry receptor.J Virol2005; 79: 14451–14456.
16.
WangJ., FangS., XiaoH., ChenB., TamJ.P., LiuD.X.Interaction of the coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus membrane protein with beta-actin and its implication in virion assembly and budding.PLoS ONE2009; 4: e4908.
17.
IgnjatovicJ., GalliU.Immune responses to structural proteins of avian infectious bronchitis virus.Avian Pathol1995; 24: 313–332.
18.
CavanaghD., DavisP.J.Evolution of avian coronavirus IBV: sequence of the matrix glycoprotein gene and intergenic region of several serotypes.J Gen Virol1988; 69: 621–629.
19.
PennycottT.W.Causes of mortality and culling in adult pheasants.Vet Rec2000; 146: 273–278.
20.
OliverM.A., MarshJ.A.In vivo thymulin treatments enhance avian lung natural killer cell cytotoxicity in response to infectious bronchitis virus.Int Immunopharmacol2003; 3: 107–113.
21.
SajjanarB.K., MishraA., SonawaneA.Small interfering RNAs inhibit infectious bursal disease virus replication in Vero cells.Acta Virol2011; 55: 75–79.
22.
GeQ., EisenH.N., ChenJ.Use of siRNAs to prevent and treat influenza virus infection.Virus Res2004; 102: 37–42.
23.
MazaleuskayaL., VeltropR., IkpezeN., Martin-GarciaJ., Navas-MartinS.Protective role of Toll-like receptor 3-induced type I interferon in murine coronavirus infection of macrophages.Viruses2012; 4: 901–923.
24.
AsifM., LowenthalJ.W., FordM.E., SchatK.A., KimptonW.G., BeanA.G.Interleukin-6 expression after infectious bronchitis virus infection in chickens.Viral Immunol2007; 20: 479–486.
25.
StewartC.R., Bagnaud-BauleA., KarpalaA.J.Toll-like receptor 7 ligands inhibit influenza A infection in chickens.J Interferon Cytokine Res2012; 32: 46–51.
26.
KamekaA.M., HaddadiS., KimD.S., CorkS.C., Abdul-CareemM.F.Induction of innate immune response following infectious bronchitis corona virus infection in the respiratory tract of chickens.Virology2014; 450-451: 114–121.
27.
BooK.H., YangJ.S.Intrinsic cellular defenses against virus infection by antiviral type I interferon.Yonsei Med J2010; 51: 9–17.
28.
Juul-MadsenH.R., NorupL.R., JørgensenP.H., HandbergK.J., WattrangE., DalgaardT.S.Crosstalk between innate and adaptive immune responses to infectious bronchitis virus after vaccination and challenge of chickens varying in serum mannose-binding lectin concentrations.Vaccine2011; 29: 9499–9507.
29.
OkinoC.H., SantosI.L., FernandoF.S., AlessiA.C., WangX., MontassierH.J.Inflammatory and cell-mediated immune responses in the respiratory tract of chickens to infection with avian infectious bronchitis virus.Viral Immunol2014; 27: 383–391.
30.
DarA., TikooS., PotterA.CpG-ODNs induced changes in cytokine/chemokines genes expression associated with suppression of infectious bronchitis virus replication in chicken lungs.Vet Immunol Immunopathol2014; 160: 209–217.
31.
DeckerT., StockingerS., KaraghiosoffM., MüllerM., KovarikP.IFNs and STATs in innate immunity to microorganisms.J Clin Invest2002; 109: 1271–1277.
32.
PeiJ., SekellickM.J., MarcusP.I., ChoiI.S., CollissonE.W.Chicken interferon type I inhibits infectious bronchitis virus replication and associated respiratory illness.J Interferon Cytokine Res2001; 21: 1071–1077.
33.
WangY.F., SunY.K., TianZ.C.Protection of chickens against infectious bronchitis by a recombinant fowlpox virus co-expressing IBV-S1 and chicken IFNgamma.Vaccine2009; 27: 7046–7052.
34.
AriaansM.P., van de HaarP.M., HensenE.J., VerveldeL.Infectious bronchitis virus induces acute interferon-gamma production through polyclonal stimulation of chicken leukocytes.Virology2009; 385: 68–73.
35.
DoschS.F., MahajanS.D., CollinsA.R.SARS coronavirus spike protein-induced innate immune response occurs via activation of the NF-kappaB pathway in human monocyte macrophages in vitro.Virus Res2009; 142: 19–27.
36.
LiaoY., WangX., HuangM., TamJ.P., LiuD.X.Regulation of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and dual-specificity phosphatase 1 feedback loop modulates the induction of interleukin 6 and 8 in cells infected withcoronavirus infectious bronchitis virus.Virology2011; 420: 106–116.
37.
GuoX., RosaA.J., ChenD.G., WangX.Molecular mechanisms of primary and secondary mucosal immunity using avian infectious bronchitis virus as a model system.Vet Immunol Immunopathol2008; 121: 332–343.
38.
BukrinskyM.I., NottetH.S., SchmidtmayerovaH.Regulation of nitric oxide synthase activity in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected monocytes: implications for HIV-associated neurological disease.J Exp Med1995; 181: 735–745.
39.
NiuM., HanY., LiW.Baculovirus up-regulates antiviral systems and induces protection against infectiousbronchitis virus challenge in neonatal chicken.Int Immunopharmacol2008; 8: 1609–1615.
40.
NiiT., IsobeN., YoshimuraY.Effects of avian infectious bronchitis virus antigen on eggshell formation and immunoreaction in hen oviduct.Theriogenology2014; 81: 1129–1138.
41.
CollissonE.W., PeiJ., DzielawaJ., SeoS.H.Cytotoxic T lymphocytes are critical in the control of infectious bronchitis virus in poultry.Dev Comp Immunol2000; 24: 187–200.
