Prevention of Falls in Older Adults

Nevitt MC Cummings SR Kidd S Risk factors for recurrent nonsyncopal falls: a prospective study. JAMA 1989; 261: 2663–8.

Tinetti ME Speechley M Ginter SF . Risk factors for falls among elderly persons living in the community. N Engl J Med 1988; 319: 1701–7.

Tinetti ME . Factors associated with serious injury during falls by ambulatory nursing home residents. J Am Geriatr Soc 1987; 35: 644–8.

Public Health Agency of Canada. Report on seniors' falls in Canada (2005). Ottawa (ON): Public Health Agency of Canada, Division of Aging and Seniors. Available: www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/seniors-aines/alt-formats/pdf/publications/pro/injury-blessure/semors_falls/semors-falls_e.pdf (accessed Jan. 23, 2011).

Zuckerman JD . Hip fracture. N Engl J Med 1996; 334 (23): 1519–25.

Kannus P Palvanen M Niemi S Alarming rise in the number and incidence of fall-induced cervical spine injuries among older adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2007; 62 (2): 180–3.

Scheffer AC Schuurmans MJ van Dijk N Fear of falling: measurement strategy, prevalence, risk factors and consequences among older persons. Age Ageing 2008; 37 (1): 19–24.

Buchner DM Hornbrook MC Kutner NG Development of the common database for FICSIT trials. J Am Geriatr Soc 1993; 41: 297–308.

World Health Organization. WHO global report on falls prevention in older age. Available: www.who.int/ageing/publications/Falls_prevention7March.pdf (accessed Jan. 23, 2011).

Woolcott JC Richardson KJ Wiens MO Meta-analysis of the impact of 9 medication classes on falls in elderly persons. Arch Intern Med 2009; 169 (21): 1952–60.

Sterke CS Verhagen AP van Beeck EF The influence of drug use on fall incidents among nursing home residents: a systematic review. Int Psychogeriatr 2008; 20 (5): 890–910.

Hartikainen S Lönnroos E Louhivuori K . Medication as a risk factor for falls: critical systematic review. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2007; 62A (10): 1172–81.

Leipzig RM Cumming RG Tinetti ME . Drugs and falls in older people: a systematic review and meta-analysis: I. Psychotropic drugs. J Am Geriatr Soc 1999; 47 (1): 30–9.

Leipzig RM Cumming RG Tinetti ME . Drugs and falls in older people: a systematic review and meta-analysis: II. Cardiac and analgesic drugs. J Am Geriatr Soc 1999; 47 (1): 40–50.

Miller M Sturmer T Azrael D Opioid analgesics and the risk of fractures in older adults with arthritis. J Am Geriatr Soc 2011; 59: 430–8.

Lee JS Kwok T Leung PC Woo J . Medical illnesses are more important than medications as risk factors of falls in older community dwellers? A cross-sectional study. Age Ageing 2006; 35: 246–51.

Berry SD Quach L Procter-Gray E Poor adherence to medications may be associated with falls. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2010; 65A (5): 553–8.

Tinetti ME Kumar C . The patient who falls. “It's always a trade-off.” JAMA 2010; 303 (3): 258–66.

Rubenstein LZ . Falls in older people: epidemiology, risk factors, and strategies for prevention. Age Ageing 2006; 35 (S2): ii37–ii41.

Gates S Lamb SE Fisher JD Multifactorial assessment and targeted interventions for preventing falls and injuries among older people in community and emergency care settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 2008; 336: 130.

Cameron ID Murray GR Gillespie LD Interventions for preventing falls in older people in nursing care facilities and hospitals. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010; 1: CD005465.

Gillespie LD Robertson MC Gillespie WJ Interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the community. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2009; 2: CD007146.

Panel on Prevention of Falls in Older Persons, American Geriatrics Society and British Geriatrics Society. Summary of the Updated American Geriatrics Society/British Geriatrics Society Clinical Practice Guideline for Prevention of Falls in Older Persons. J Am Geriatr Soc 2011; 59: 148–57.

Papaioannou A Morin S Cheung AM 2010 clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in Canada: summary. CMAJ 2010; 182 (17): 1864–73.