This paper presents a review of a community policing/community problem-solving program that was initiated on the 11th Street Corridor in North Philadelphia in 1996 and 1997. Herein, we forego a detailed outcome evaluation. Instead, our purpose is much more modest in that we attempt to provide those involved in public housing research and policy with a discussion of our experience with the implementation of the 11th Street Program. Specifically, we identify issues encountered throughout program implementation, and then comment on methods that other researchers, practitioners, and policymakers can adopt to circumvent such problems.
AnnanS., & SkoganW. (1993). Drug enforcement in public housing: Signs of success in Denver. Washington, DC: Police Foundation.
3.
BaumanJ.F.HummonN.P., & MullerE.K. (1991). Public housing, isolation, and the urban underclass: Philadelphia's Richard Allen homes, 1941–1965. Journal of Urban History17(3), 264–292.
Brill and Associates. (1977). Victimization, fear of crime, and altered behavior: A profile of the crime problem in four housing projects in Murphy homes, Baltimore, Maryland. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development.
6.
BursikR.Jr., & GrasmickH. (1993). Neighborhoods and crime: The dimensions of effective community control. New York: Lexington Books.
7.
CollinsP.GreeneJ. R.KaneR.StokesR., & PiqueroA. (1999). Implementing community policing in public housing: Philadelphia's 11th street corridor. Washington, DC: Final report submitted to the National Institute of Justice.
8.
De FrancesC. J., & SmithS. K. (1998). Perceptions of neighborhood crime, 1995. Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Statistics.
9.
DunworthT., & SaigerA. (1994). Drugs and crime in public housing: A three city analysis. Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice.
10.
EckJ., & SpelmanW. (1987). Problem-solving: Problem-oriented policing in Newport News. Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice.
11.
FaganJ., & DaviesG. (1997). Crime in public housing: Two-way diffusion effects in surrounding neighborhoods. Paper presented at the Workshop on Spatial Analysis of Criminal Justice Data, City University of New York Graduate Center, New York, NY.
12.
FaganJ.DumanovskyT.ThompsonJ. P., & DaviesG. (1998). Crime in public housing: Clarifying research issues. National Institute of Justice Journal (pp. 2–9). Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice.
13.
FarleyJ. (1982). Has public housing gotten a bum rap? The incidence of crime in St. Louis public housing developments. Environment and Behavior14(4), 443–477.
14.
GiacomazziA.McGarrellE., & ThurmanQ. (1996). Community policing and public housing: A process evaluation of a collaborative strategy to reduce crime, fear, and disorder in Spokane, Washington. Paper presented at the Annual Conference of the Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences. Las Vegas, NV.
15.
GoldsteinH. (1990). Problem-oriented policing. New York: McGraw-Hill.
16.
Green-MazerolleL., & TerrillW. (1997). Problem-oriented policing in public housing: Identifying the distribution of problem places. Policing, 20, 235–255.
17.
GreeneJ. R. (1989). Civic accountability and the police: Lessons learned from police and community relations. In DunhamR. G. & AlpertG. P. (Eds.), Critical Issues in Policing (pp. 349–368). Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press.
18.
GreeneJ. R. (1996). Philadelphia housing authority 11th street corridor program needs assessment. Philadelphia: Temple University Center for Public Policy.
19.
GreeneJ. R.CollinsP., & KaneR. J. (1999). Policing public housing in Philadelphia: Public safety perspectives of the police and the community. Police Practice and Research (forthcoming).
20.
HarrellA., & GouvisC. (1994). Predicting neighborhood risk of crime. Washington, DC: Urban Institute.
21.
HoltzmanH. (1996). Criminological research on public housing: Toward a better understanding of people, place, and spaces. Crime and Delinquency42, 361–378.
22.
HoltzmanH.KudrickT., & VoytekK. (1996). Revisiting the relationship between crime and architectural design: An analysis of HUD's 1994 survey of public housing residents. Cityscape: A Journal of Policy Development and Research2(1), 107–126.
23.
HoltzmanH., & PiperL. (1998). Measuring crime in public housing: Methodological issues and research strategies. Journal of Quantitative Criminology14(4), 331–351.
24.
HuthM. (1981). Strategies for crime reduction in public housing. Journal of Sociology and Social Welfare8(3), 587–600.
25.
KaneR. J. (1998). Policing in public housing: Using calls for service to examine incident-based workload in the Philadelphia public housing authority. Policing21(4), 618–631.
26.
MasseyD., & KanaiaupuniS. M. (1993). Public housing and the concentration of poverty. Social Science Quarterly74(1), 109–122.
27.
MatthewsW. (1993). Policing distressed public housing developments. Police Management, 2–8.
28.
McGarrellE. F.GiacomazziA. L., & ThurmanQ.C. (1997). Neighborhood disorder, integration, and the fear of crime. Justice Quarterly, 14, 479–500.
29.
NewmanO. (1973). Architectural design for crime prevention. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice.
30.
PiqueroA. (1999). The validity of incivility measures in a public housing context. Justice Quarterly, (forthcoming).
31.
PiqueroA.GreeneJ.FyfeJ.KaneR., & CollinsP. (1998). Implementing community policing in public housing developments in Philadelphia: Some early results. In AlpertG. & PiqueroA. (Eds.), Community policing: Contemporary readings. Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press.
32.
PopkinS.OlsonL.LurigioA.GwiasdaV., & CarterR. (1995). Sweeping out drugs and crime: Residents' views of the Chicago housing authority's public housing drug elimination program. Crime and Delinquency41(1), 73–99.
33.
RainwaterL. (1966). Fear and the house-as-haven in the lower classes. Journal of the American Institute of Planners32, 23–37.
34.
RoheW., & BurbyR. (1988). Fear of crime in public housing. Environment and Behavior20, 700–720.
35.
RoncekD. (1981). Dangerous places: Crime and the residential environment. Social Forces60, 74–96.
36.
RoncekD. W.BellR., & FrancikJ. M. A. (1981). Housing projects and crime. Social Problems29, 151–166.
37.
RossiP. H., & FreemanH. E. (1989). Evaluation: A systematic approach. (4th ed.). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
38.
RouseW. V., & RubensteinH. (1978). Crime in public housing: A review of major issues and selected crime reduction strategies, (vol. 1 & 2). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development.
39.
SampsonR. (1995). The community. In WilsonJ. Q. & PetersilliaJ. (Eds.), Crime (pp. 193–216). San Francisco: ICS Press.
40.
SampsonR. (1997). The embeddedness of child and adolescent development: A community level perspective on urban violence. In McCordJ. (Ed.), Violence and childhood in the inner city (pp. 31–77). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
41.
SampsonR.RaudenbushS., & EarlsF. (1997). Neighborhoods and violent crime: A multilevel study of collective efficacy. Science, 277, 918–924.
42.
ShawC., & McKayH. D. (1942). Juvenile delinquency and urban areas. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
43.
ShermanL.GartinP., & BuergerM. (1989). Hot spots of predatory crime. Criminology, 27, 27–55.
44.
SkoganW. (1990). Disorder and decline. New York: Free Press.
45.
SkoganW., & AnnanS. (1994). Drugs and public housing: Toward an effective police response. In MacKenzieD. and UchidaC. (Eds.), Drugs and crime: Evaluating public policy initiatives (pp. 162–174). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
46.
SkolnickJ., & BayleyD. (1986). Theme and variation in community policing. In TonryM. & MorrisN. (Eds.), Crime and justice: An annual review of research (pp. 1–38). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
47.
SmithM. F. (1989). Evaluability assessment: A practical approach. Boston: Kluwer Academic.
48.
TaylorR., & CovingtonJ. (1988). Neighborhood changes in ecology and violence. Criminology26, 553–590.
49.
UchidaC.ForstB., & AnnanS. (1992). Modern policing and the control of illegal drugs: Testing new strategies in two American cities. Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice.
50.
VergeraC. (1989). Hell in a very tall place. Atlantic Monthly, Sept., 72–78.
51.
VitellaJ. P. (1992). Security, crime, and drugs in public housing: A review of programs and expenditures. Working paper prepared for the CLPHA/NAHRO/PHADA public housing research project.
52.
WebsterB., & ConnorsE. (1992). The police, drugs, and public housing. Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice.
53.
WeisburdD., & GreenL. (1995). Policing drug hot spots: The Jersey City DMA experiment. Justice Quarterly12(4), 711–736.
54.
WeiselD. (1990). Tackling drug problems in public housing. Washington, DC: Police Executive Research Forum.
55.
WilsonW. J. (1987). The truly disadvantaged. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
