Peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis (PDRP) is a commonly encountered complication in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD). Establishing the causative organism in PDRP allows for targeted antibiotic selection, helps to guide duration of therapy, and determines the need for catheter removal. Microbacterium is a genus of aerobic gram-positive bacilli found in the environment. Its detection in clinical isolates has increased owing to improved microbiology diagnostics. We present a case of PDRP due to M. paraoxydans and review the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and available evidence for treatment of this organism. The high rate of recurrent infection and limited data regarding antimicrobial susceptibility testing pose significant challenges in the management of PDRP caused by Microbacterium species.
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