GhaliJ.R., BannisterK.M., BrownF.G., RosmanJ.B., WigginsK.J., JohnsonD.W.Microbiology and outcomes of peritonitis in Australian peritoneal dialysis patients.Perit Dial Int2011; 31: 651–62.
2.
KavanaghD., PrescottG.J., MactierR.A.on behalf of the Scottish Renal Registry. Peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis in Scotland (1999-2002).Nephrol Dial Transplant2004; 19: 2584–91.
3.
PirainoB., BernardiniJ., SorkinM.The influence of peritoneal catheter exit-site infections on peritonitis, tunnel infections, and catheter loss in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.Am J Kidney Dis1986; 8: 436–40.
4.
AbrahamG., SavinE., AyiomamitisA., IzattS., VasS.I., MathewsR.E.Natural history of exit-site infection (ESI) in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD).Perit Dial Int1988; 8: 211–16.
5.
SchwartzR., MessanaJ., StarmannB., WeberM., ReynoldsJ.Preventing Staphylococcus aureus infection during chronic peritoneal dialysis.J Am Soc Nephrol1991; 2: 1085–91.
6.
TwardowskiZ.J., DobbieJ.W., MooreH.L., NicholsW.K., DeSpainJ.D., AndersonP.C.Morphology of peritoneal dialysis catheter tunnel: macroscopy and light microscopy.Perit Dial Int1991; 11: 237–51.
7.
GuptaB., BernardiniJ., PirainoB.Peritonitis associated with exit site and tunnel infections.Am J Kidney Dis1996; 28: 415–19.
8.
VychytilA., LilajT., LorenzM., HorlW.H., Haag-WeberM.Ultrasonography of the catheter tunnel in peritoneal dialysis patients: what are the indications?Am J Kidney Dis1999; 33: 722–7.
9.
VychytilA., LorenzM., SchneiderB., HorlW.H., Haag-WeberM.New criteria for management of catheter infection in peritoneal dialysis patients using ultrasonography.J Am Soc Nephrol1998; 9: 290–6.
10.
LuzarM.A., ColesG.A., FallerB., SlingeneyerA., DahG.D., BriatC.Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage and infection in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.N Engl J Med1990; 322: 505–9.
11.
PirainoB., BernardiniJ., BrownE., FigueiredoA., JohnsonD.W., LyeW.C.ISPD position statement on reducing the risks of peritoneal dialysis-related infections.Perit Dial Int2011; 31: 614–30.
12.
ZimmermanS.W., AhrensE., JohnsonC.A., CraigW., LeggettJ., O'BrienMRandomized controlled trial of prophylactic rifampin for peritoneal dialysis-related infections.Am J Kidney Dis1991; 18: 225–231.
13.
BernardiniJ., PirainoB., HolleyJ., JohnstonJ.R., LutesR.A randomized trial of Staphylococcus aureus prophylaxis in peritoneal dialysis patients: mupirocin calcium ointment 2% applied to the exit site versus cyclic oral rifampin.Am J Kidney Dis1996; 27: 695–700.
14.
BernardiniJ., BenderF., FlorioT., SloandJ., PalmMontalbanoL., FriedL.Randomized, double-blind trial of antibiotic exit site cream for prevention of exit site infection in peritoneal dialysis patients.J Am Soc Nephrol2005; 16: 539–45.
15.
van DiepenA.T.N., JassalS.V.A qualitative systematic review of the literature supporting a causal relationship between exit-site infection and subsequent peritonitis in patients with end-stage renal disease treated with peritoneal dialysis.Perit Dial Int2013; 35: 604–610.
16.
HillA.B.The environment and disease: association or causation?Proc R Soc Med1965; 58: 295–300.
17.
LloydA., TangriN., ShaferL.A., RigattoC., PerlJ., KomendaP.The risk of peritonitis after an exit site infection: a time-matched, case-control study.Nephrol Dial Transplant2013; 28: 1915–21.
