Abstract
In this overview, the common neurologic disease restless legs syndrome (RLS), its diagnosis, the psychosocial impairment and treatment options are presented. The pathophysiology of the disorder has not yet been clarified sufficiently. RLS is associated with a clinically relevant psychosocial impairment. In addition to a reduction in quality of life, increased prevalence of depressive and anxiety disorders are reported. Curative treatments are not yet available. First-line therapies comprise mainly dopamine agonists and levodopa. Anticonvulsants reduce RLS symptoms in the majority of patients, but are off-label in Germany. Opioids also show good efficacy, but have been studied so far only in small populations. Patients may experience a loss of efficacy and a worsening of symptoms during dopaminergic treatment. In patients with insufficient improvement during drug therapy or relevant psychosocial impairments, cognitive behavioral as well as mindfulness and acceptance-based interventions can improve quality of life of the affected patients.
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