Optically transparent glass modified with metal oxides for X-rays and gamma rays shielding material

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Metal oxide glass composites have attracted huge interest as promising shielding materials to replace toxic, heavy, and costly conventional shielding materials.

OBJECTIVE:

In this work, we evaluate shielding effectiveness of four novel tellurite-based glasses samples doped with oxide metals (namely, A, B, C, and D, which are 75TeO₂- 10P₂O₅- 10ZnO- 5PbF₂- 0.24Er₂O_3 ; 70TeO₂- 10P₂O₅- 10ZnO- 5PbF₂ -5MgO- 0.24Er₂O₃; 70TeO₂- 10P₂O₅- 10ZnO- 5PbF₂- 5BaO- 0.24Er₂O_3 ; and 70TeO₂- 10P₂O₅-10ZnO- 5PbF₂- 5SrO; respectively) by assessing them through a wide range of ionizing radiation energies (0.015–15 MeV).

METHODS:

The radiation-shielding parameters including mass attenuation coefficient (MAC), linear attenuation coefficient (LAC), half-value layer (HVL), mean free path, (MFP), effective atomic number (Z_eff), effective electron number (N_eff), and the transmission factor are computed in the selected range of ionizing radiation energies. Furthermore, the proposed samples were compared with the most common shielding glass materials. The optical parameters viz oscillator, dispersion energy, nonlinear refractive indices, molar, and electronic polarizability of these transparent glasses are reported at different wavelengths.

RESULTS:

The results show that the proposed samples have considerable effectiveness as transparent shielding glass materials at various ionizing radiation energies. They can be employed for effective radiation-protection outcomes. Sample C demonstrated slightly better shielding properties than the other samples with differences of 1.33%, 4.6%, and 4.2% for samples A, B, and D, respectively. A similar trend is observed regarding the mass attenuation coefficients. Nevertheless, sample B shows better optical properties than the other prepared glass samples.

CONCLUSIONS:

Our findings indicate that the proposed novel glass samples have good shielding properties and optical characteristics, which can pave the way for their utilization as transparent radiation-shielding materials in medical and industrial applications.

Keywords

Optical parameters glasses half-value layer mass attenuation coefficient mean free path radiation protection

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Parker

H.M.O.D.

and Joyce

M.J.

, The use of ionizing radiation to image nuclear fuel: A review, Progress in Nuclear Energy 85 (2015), 297–318.

Vreysen

M.J.B.

and Robinson

A.S.

, Ionising radiation and area-wide management of insect pests to promote sustainable agriculture, Agronomy for Sustainable Development 31 (2011), 233–250.

Smith-Bindman

, Miglioretti

D.L.

and Larson

E.B.

, Rising use of diagnostic medical imaging in a large integrated health system, Health Aff (Millwood) 27(6) (2008), 1491–1502.

Meulepas

J.M.

, et al., Radiation exposure from pediatric CT scans and subsequent cancer risk in the Netherlands, Journal of the National Cancer Institute 111(3) (2019), 256–263.

Mathews

J.D.

, et al., Cancer risk in 680,000 people exposed to computed tomography scans in childhood or adolescence: data linkage study of 11 million Australians, BMJ 346 (2013), f2360.

Linet

M.S.

, et al., Cancer risks associated with external radiation from diagnostic imaging procedures, CA Cancer J Clin 62(2) (2012), 75–100.

Hall

E.J.

and Brenner

D.J.

, Cancer risks from diagnostic radiology: the impact of new epidemiological data, Br J Radiol 85(1020) (2012), e1316–e1317.

Washington: National Academies Press; 2006. Committee to assess health risks fromexposure to low levels of ionizing radiation NRC. Health risks from exposure to low levels of ionizing radiation: BEIR VII Phase 2.

Shoag

J.M.

, et al., Lead poisoning risk assessment of radiology workers using lead shields, Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health 75(1) (2020), 60–64.

10.

, et al., High penetration x-ray communication under physical shielding, J Xray Sci Technol 28(2) (2020), 187–196.

11.

McCaffrey

J.P.

, Shen

, Downton

and Mainegra-Hing

, Radiation attenuation by lead and nonlead materials used in radiation shielding garments, Med Phys 34(2) (2007), 530–537.

12.

Schueler

B.A.

, Operator shielding: how and why, Techniques in Vascular and Interventional Radiology 13(3) (2010), 167–171.

13.

Kaewkhao

and Limsuwan

, Mass attenuation coefficients and effective atomic numbers in phosphate glass containing Bi2O3, PbO, and BaO at 662 keV, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors, and Associated Equipment 619(1-3) (2010), 295–297.

14.

Zhang

, et al., Effects of GeO2on the thermal stabilityand optical properties of Er3+/Yb3+–codoped oxyfluoride tellurite glasses, Materials in Chemistry and Physics 126(3) (2011), 786–790.

15.

Gedikoğlu

, et al., Crystallization behavior of WO3-MoO3-TeO2 glasses, J Non-Cryst Solids 501 (2018), 93–100.

16.

Hong

K.S.

, et al., Red-emission properties and crystallization behavior in Eu2O3-TeO2 glasses, J Non-Cryst Solids 505 (2019), 400–405.

17.

Ghribi

, et al., Thermal, optical and structural properties of glasses within the TeO2-TiO2-ZnO system, J Alloy Comp 622 (2015), 333–340.

18.

Kaur

, et al., Investigation of bismuth borate glass system modified with barium for structural and gamma-ray shielding properties, Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 206 (2019), 367–377.

19.

Vania

, et al., Investigation on structural, optical, thermal and gamma photon shielding properties of zinc and barium doped fluoro-tellurite glasses, Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 511 (2019), 194–200.

20.

Grelowska

, et al., Structural and optical study of tellurite–barium glasses, Journal of Molecular Structure 1126 (2016), 219–225.

21.

Ticha

, et al., Raman spectra and optical band gap in some PbO-ZnO-TeO2 glasses, Mater Chem Phys 237 (2019), 121834.

22.

Sayyed

M.I.

, et al., Physical, structural, optical and gamma radiation shielding properties of borate glasses containing heavy metals (Bi2O3/MoO3), Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 507 (2019), 30–37.

23.

Bashter

I.I.

, Calculation of radiation attenuation coeffcients for shielding concretes, Ann Nucl Energy 24 (1997), 1389–1401.

24.

Singh

, et al., Gamma-ray shielding properties of CaO-SrO-B2O3 glasses, Radiation Physics and Chemistry 72(2-3) (2005), 225–228.

25.

Singh

, Singh

K.J.

, Singh

and Singh

, Gamma-ray attenuation studies of PbO-BaO-B2O3 glass system, Radiation Measurements 41(1) (2006), 84–88.

26.

Kurudirek

, et al., Comparison of some lead and non-lead based glass systems, standard shielding concretes and commercial window glasses in terms of shielding parameters in the energy region of 1 keV-100GeV: A comparative study, Journal of Nuclear Materials 407(2) (2010), 110–115.

27.

Singh

, et al., Barium-borate-flyash glasses: As radiation shielding materials, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 266(1) (2008), 140–146.

28.

Sayyed

M.I.

, Bismuth modified shielding properties of zinc boro-tellurite glasses, J Alloy Comp 688 (2016), 111–117.

29.

Saudi

H.A.

, et al., Investigation of bismuth silicate glass systemmodified by vanadiumand copper cations for structural and gamma-ray shielding properties, SN Appl Sci (2019), 218.

30.

Al-Hadeethi

, et al., X-ray photons attenuation characteristics for two tellurite based glass systems at dental diagnostic energies, Ceram Int 46 (2020), 251–257.

31.

Almatari

, et al., Photon and neutron shielding characteristics of samarium doped lead alumino borate glasses containing barium, lithium and zinc oxides determined at medical diagnostic energies, Results Phys 12 (2019), 2123–2128.

32.

Tekin

H.O.

, et al., Photon and neutron shielding performance of boron phosphate glasses for diagnostic radiology facilities, Res Phys 12 (2019), 1457–1464.

33.

Greloska

Iwona

, PhD thesis in title” Investigation of novel fluorotellurite glass doped with rare earth ions”, AGH University of science and technology, Faculty of materials science and ceramics, Department of glass technology and amorphous coatings, Krakow, 2018.

34.

Bagheri

, Khorrami

M.A.

and Yousefnia

, Gamma ray shielding study of barium -bismuth-borosilicate glasses as transparent shielding materials using MCNP-4C code, XCOM program, and available experimental data, Nucl Eng Technol 49 (2017), 216–223.

35.

Şakar

, et al., Phy-X/PSD: Development of a user friendly online software for calculation of parameters relevant to radiation shielding and dosimetry, Radiation Physics and Chemistry 166 (2020), 108496–12.

36.

Harima

, Kurosawa

and Sakamoto

, Parameter search of geometric-progression formula for gamma-ray isotropic point source buildup factors up to depths of 100 mfp, including contribution of secondary radiations, Progress in Nuclear Science and Technology 4 (2014), 548–552.

37.

Wemple

S.H.

, DiDomentico

, Phys Rev B 3 (1972), 1338.

38.

Pawar

P.P.

, Munishwar

S.R.

and Gedam

R.S.

, Physical and optical properties of Dy3+/Pr3+Co-doped lithium borate glasses for W-LED, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 660 (2016), 347–355.

39.

Schott Co: URL: https://www.schott.com/advanced_optics/english/products/optical-materials/special-materials/radiation-shielding-glasses/index.html

40.

Ying

, et al., Enhanced photon shielding efficiency of a flexible and lightweight rare earth/polymer composite: A Monte Carlo simulation study, Nuclear Engineering and Technology 52(7) (2020), 1565–1570.

41.

Takayuki

and Vesselin

, Features of electronic polarizability and approach to unique properties in tellurite glasses, International Journal of Applied Glass Science 11(2) (2019), 253–271.

42.

Singh

V.P.

and Badiger

N.M.

, A comprehensive study on Gamma-ray exposure build-up factors and fast neutron removal cross sections of fly-ash bricks, Journal of Ceramics (2013), 967264.