Professional quality of life,psychological well-being,and work engagement of healthcare professionals in two Greek hospitals during COVID-19: A cross-sectional study
Restricted accessResearch articleFirst published online 2024
Professional quality of life,psychological well-being,and work engagement of healthcare professionals in two Greek hospitals during COVID-19: A cross-sectional study
During the COVID-19 pandemic, the mental health of healthcare professionals has emerged as an issue of great concern.
OBJECTIVE:
To investigate the levels of professional quality of life, psychological well-being, and work engagement among healthcare professionals in two Greek hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic.
METHODS:
A cross-sectional study was conducted in December 2021 in two public hospitals in Greece. To assess the levels of professional quality of life, psychological well-being, and work engagement, respondents completed the Professional Quality of Life Scale Version 5 (ProQOL-V), the Psychological Well-being (PWB) scale, and the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-17).
RESULTS:
A total of 150 questionnaires were distributed, and 102 were returned (response rate: 68%). It was found that as burnout levels increased, the levels of work engagement decreased (rho = –0.36, p-value < 0.01). Higher levels of compassion satisfaction were associated with higher work engagement (rho = 0.48, p-value < 0.01). Multivariable analysis revealed that healthcare personnel’s contact with patients or service users exposed to or who have experienced traumatic events was associated with less positive relationships with others (and, consequently, lower levels of psychological well-being) (p-value = 0.035).
CONCLUSIONS:
Healthcare professionals in the two public hospitals in Greece, experienced moderate levels of compassion satisfaction, burnout, and secondary traumatic stress during the COVID-19 pandemic. Their psychological well-being was also found to be moderate, and their levels of work engagement were moderate to high. Supporting the physical and psychological well-being of healthcare professionals is essential for their ability to provide high-quality care in times of crisis, such as during the COVID-19 pandemic.
BlumenthalD, FowlerEJ, AbramsM, CollinsSR.Covid-19 – Implications for the Health Care SystemN Engl J Med2020;383(15):1483–8.
2.
KayeAD, OkeaguCN, PhamAD, SilvaRA, HurleyJJ, ArronBL, et al.Economic impact of COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare facilities and systems: International perspectives. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol. 2021;35(3):293–306.
3.
LatsouD, BolosiFM, AndroutsouL, GeitonaMProfessional Quality of Life and Occupational Stress in Healthcare Professionals During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Greece. Health Serv Insights. 2022;15:11786329221096042.
4.
SriharanA, HertelendyAJ, Banaszak-HollJ, Fleig-PalmerMM, MitchellC, NigamA, et al.Public Health and Health Sector Crisis Leadership During Pandemics: A Review of the Medical and Business Literature. Med Care Res Rev. 2022;79(4):475–86.
5.
AndroutsouL, LatsouD, GeitonaMHealth Systems’ challenges and responses for recovery in the pre and post COVID-19 era. Journal of Service Science and Management. 2021;14(4):444–60.
6.
GeertsJM, KinnairD, TaheriP, AbrahamA, AhnJ, AtunR, et al.Guidance for Health Care Leaders During the Recovery Stage of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Consensus Statement. JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(7):e2120295.
7.
StefanatouP, XenakiLA, KaragiorgasI, NtigrintakiAA, GiannouliE, MalogiannisIA, et al.Fear of COVID-19 impact on professional quality of life among mental health workers. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022;19(16):9949.
8.
LiuQ, LuoD, HaaseJE, GuoQ, WangXQ, LiuS, et al.The experiences of health-care providers during the COVID-19 crisis in China: a qualitative study. Lancet Glob Health.. 2020;8(6):e790–8.
9.
GiorgiG, LeccaLI, AlessioF, FinstadGL, BondaniniG, LulliLG, et al.COVID-19-Related Mental Health Effects in the Workplace: A Narrative Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(21):7857.
10.
GreenbergN, DochertyM, GnanapragasamS, WesselyS. Managing mental health challenges faced by healthcare workers during covid-19 pandemic. BMJ. 2020;368:m1211.
11.
BadrfamR, ZandifarA, ArbabiM. Mental Health of Medical Workers in COVID-19 Pandemic: Restrictions and Barriers. J Res Health Sci. 2020;20(2):e00481.
12.
LaskarisZ, FleischerNL, BurgardS, EisenbergJN. Personal and work-related factors associated with mental health among auto workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. Prev Med Rep. 2022;30:102001.
13.
KohD, GohHP. Occupational health responses to COVID-19: What lessons can we learn from SARS?J Occup Health.. 2020;62(1):e12128.
14.
WilsonNM, NortonA, YoungFP, CollinsDW. Airborne transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 to healthcare workers: a narrative review. Anaesthesia. 2020;75(8):1086–95.
15.
BahlP, DoolanC, de SilvaC, ChughtaiAA, BourouibaL, MacIntyreCR. Airborne or Droplet Precautions for Health Workers Treating Coronavirus Disease ?J Infect Dis. 2022;225(9):1561–8.
16.
BriciuV, LeucutaDC, TőkésGE, ColcearD. Burnout,Depression, and Job Stress Factors in Healthcare Workers of aRomanian COVID-19 Dedicated Hospital, after Two Pandemic Years. IntJ Environ Res Public Health. 2023;20(5):4118.
17.
ShanafeltT, RippJ, TrockelM. Understanding and Addressing Sources of Anxiety Among Health Care Professionals During the COVID-19 Pandemic. JAMA. 2020;323(21):2133–4.
18.
KapilV, CollettG, GodecT, GuptaJ, ManieroC, NgSM, et al.Longitudinal comparisons of mental health, burnout and well-being in patient-facing, non-patient-facing healthcare professionals and non-healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic: findings from the CoPE-HCP study. BJPsych Open. 2022;8(5):e173.
19.
NaqviSSB, DavisJ, PicklesRW, LoewenthalMR. Concerns and psychological well-being of healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in a tertiary care hospital in New South Wales. Internal Medicine Journal. 2021;51(9):1407–13.
20.
AzizkhaniR, HeydariF, SadeghiA, AhmadiO, MeibodyAA. Professional quality of life and emotional well-being among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran. Frontiers in Emergency Medicine. 2022;6(1):e2–e2.
21.
PappaS, NtellaV, GiannakasT, GiannakoulisVG, PapoutsiE, KatsaounouP. Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and insomnia among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity. 2020;88:901–7.
22.
RovithisM, KalaitzakiA, KoukouliS, RikosN, KelesiM, FasoiG, et al.Work related burnout syndrome, information satisfaction, and concern of safety among Greek nurses during the first wave of COVID-19 outbreak. Frontiers of Nursing. 2022;9(3):285–93.
23.
Gómez-SalgadoJ, Arias-UlloaCA, Ortega-MorenoM, García-IglesiasJJ, Escobar-SegoviaK, Ruiz-FrutosC Sense of Coherence in Healthcare Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Ecuador: Association With Work Engagement, Work Environment and Psychological Distress Factors. International Journal of Public Health. 2022;284.
24.
Cuartero-CastañerME, Hidalgo-AndradeP, Cañas-LermaAJProfessional quality of life, engagement, and self-care in healthcare professionals in Ecuador during the COVID-19 pandemic. In MDPI; 2021. p. 515.
25.
SerrãoC, MartinsV, RibeiroC, MaiaP, PinhoR, TeixeiraA, et al. Professional Quality of Life Among Physicians and Nurses Working in Portuguese Hospitals During the Third Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Frontiers in Psychology [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2023 Mar 16];13. Available from: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.814109.
26.
de CarvalhoTM, LourençãoLG, PintoMH, VianaRAPP, da SilvaGonçalvesAMB, de MelloLP, et al. Correlation betweenEngagement and Quality of Life at Work in Nursing Professionals:Cross-Sectional Study in a Brazilian Hospital at the Beginning ofthe Covid-19 Pandemic. 2022.
27.
BellaliT, ManomenidisG, MeramveliotakiE, MinasidouE, GalanisP. The impact of anxiety and depression in the quality of life and psychological well-being of Greek hematological cancer patients on chemotherapy. Psychology, Health & Medicine. 2020;25(2):201–13.
28.
StammB The concise manual for the professional quality of life scale, 2nd Ed. Pocatello. 2010; Available from:www.ProQOL.org.
29.
SchaufeliW, BakkerAThe Utrechtwork engagement scale (UWES). test manual. Netherlands: Department of Social & Organizational Psychology, Utrecht University. 2003.
30.
RemegioW, RiveraRR, GriffinMQ, FitzpatrickJJ. The Professional Quality of Life and Work Engagement of Nurse Leaders. Nurse Lead. 2021;19(1):95–100.
31.
AlharthiMH, AlshomraniAT, BazaidK, SonpolHM, IbrahimIA, AlashkarAM. Factors Affecting the Psychological Well-Being of Health Care Workers During the COVID-19 Crisis. Psychology Research and Behavior Management. 2022;15:1931–42.
32.
MisouridouE, MangouliaP, PavlouV, KasidiK, StefanouE, MavridoglouE, et al.Reliability and Validity of the Greek Version of the Professional Quality of Life Scale (ProQOL-V). Mater Sociomed. 2021;33(3):179–83.
33.
RyffCD, KeyesCLM. The structure of psychological well-being revisited. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1995;69(4):719.
34.
XanthopoulouD, BakkerAB, KantasA, DemeroutiE. Measuring burnout and work engagement: Factor structure, invariance, and latent mean differences across Greece and the Netherlands. International Journal of Business Science & Applied Management (IJBSAM). 2012;7(2):40–52.
35.
World Medical AssociationWorld Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki: ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects. JAMA. 2013;310(20):2191–4.
36.
CeriV, CicekI. Psychological Well-Being, Depression and Stress During COVID-19 Pandemic in Turkey: A Comparative Study of Healthcare Professionals and Non-Healthcare Professionals. Psychol Health Med. 2021;26(1):85–97.
37.
DienerE, WirtzD, TovW, Kim-PrietoC, Choi wonD, OishiS, et al.New Well-being Measures: Short Scales to Assess Flourishing and Positive and Negative Feelings. Soc Indic Res. 2010;97(2):143–56.
38.
Domínguez-SalasS, Gómez-SalgadoJ, Guillén-GestosoC, Romero-MartínM, Ortega-MorenoM, Ruiz-FrutosC. Health care workers’ protection and psychological safety during the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain. J Nurs Manag. 2021;29(7):1924–33.
39.
KeyesCLM, ShmotkinD, RyffCD. Optimizing well-being: the empirical encounter of two traditions. J Pers Soc Psychol. 2002;82(6):1007–22.
40.
LaiJ, MaS, WangY, CaiZ, HuJ, WeiN, et al.Factors Associated With Mental Health Outcomes Among Health Care Workers Exposed to Coronavirus Disease 2019. JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(3):e203976.
41.
AymerichC, PedruzoB, PérezJL, LabordaM, HerreroJ, BlancoJ, et al.COVID-19 pandemic effects on health worker’s mental health:Systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Psychiatry. 2022;65(1):e10.
42.
Sanchez-GomezM, GiorgiG, FinstadGL, UrbiniF, FotiG, MucciN, et al.COVID-19 Pandemic as a Traumatic Event and Its Associations with Fear and Mental Health: A Cognitive-Activation Approach. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(14):7422.
43.
BridglandVME, MoeckEK, GreenDM, SwainTL, NaydaDM, MatsonLA, et al.Why the COVID-19 pandemic is a traumatic stressor. PLoS One. 2021;16(1):e0240146.
44.
Van de MortelTF.. Faking it: social desirability response bias in self-report research. Australian Journal of Advanced Nursing, The. 2008;25(4):40–8.
