fHIT is an easily applicable test battery that indirectly evaluates the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) from a functional perspective.
AIMS/OBJECTIVES:
The aim of this study was to Individuals determine the correlation between age and the percentage of correct answers (%CA) obtained in the functional head impulse test (fHIT) in healthy individuals.
MATERIAL AND METHODS:
A total of 105 volunteers, 50 males and 55 females, between the ages of 18 and 70 years, participated in the study. A Beon Solution fHIT system (Zero Branco (TV), Italy) was used in the study.
RESULTS:
In our study, a decrease in the mean %CA was observed in all semicircular canals (SCCs) with increasing age. Between age and mean %CA, a significant negative moderate (–0.311) correlation was observed in lateral SCCs, and a significant negative low (–0.257) correlation was observed in posterior SCCs (p < 0.05). In anterior SCCs, there was no statistically significant relationship between age and mean %CA (p > 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS:
The present study performed in a healthy population will be helpful in terms of making comparisons in studies to be conducted in various vestibular diseases. It will also be a guide for identifying pathological consequences in vestibular diseases.
AgrawalY., ZunigaM.G., Davalos-BicharaM., SchubertM.C., WalstonJ.D., HughesJ. and CareyJ.P., Decline in semicircular canal and otolith function with age, Otology & neurotology: official publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology33 (2012), 832.
2.
AnnikoM., The aging vestibular hair cell, American journal of otolaryngology4 (1983), 151–160.
3.
BalohR., JacobsonK. and SocotchT., The effect of aging on visual-vestibuloocular responses, Experimental brain research95 (1993), 509–516.
4.
BalohR.W., EnriettoJ., JacobsonK.M. and LinA., Age-related changes in vestibular function: a longitudinal study, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences942 (2001), 210–219.
5.
BhansaliS.A., StockwellC.W. and BojrabD.I., Oscillopsia in patients with loss of vestibular function, Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery109 (1993), 120–125.
6.
BöhlerA., MandalaM. and RamatS., A software program for the head impulse testing device (HITD), in: 2010 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology, IEEE, 2010, pp. 6615–6618.
7.
BroselS., LaubC., AverdamA., BenderA. and ElstnerM., Molecular aging of the mammalian vestibular system, Ageing research reviews26 (2016), 72–80.
8.
Brosseau-LachaineO., GagnonI., ForgetR. and FaubertJ., Mild traumatic brain injury induces prolonged visual processing deficits in children, Brain Injury22 (2008), 657–668.
9.
CamposA., CanizaresF., Sánchez-QuevedoM. and RomeroP., Otoconial Degeneration in the Aged Utricle and Saccule1, in: Inner Ear Pathobiology, Karger Publishers, 1990, pp. 143–153.
10.
ChanF.M., GalatiotoJ., AmatoM. and KimA.H., Normative data for rotational chair stratified by age, The Laryngoscope126 (2016), 460–463.
11.
CoralloG., VersinoM., MandalàM., ColnaghiS. and RamatS., The functional head impulse test: preliminary data, Journal of neurology265 (2018), 35–39.
12.
CovassinT., StearneD. and ElbinR.III, Concussion history and postconcussion neurocognitive performance and symptoms in collegiate athletes, Journal of athletic training43 (2008), 119–124.
13.
EngströmH., BergströmB. and RosenhallU., Vestibular sensory epithelia, Archives of Otolaryngology100 (1974), 411–418.
14.
GiardinoL., ZanniM., FernandezM., BattagliaA., PignataroO. and CalzàL., Plasticity of GABA (a) system during ageing: focus on vestibular compensation and possible pharmacological intervention, Brain Research929 (2002), 76–86.
15.
GoldbergJ.M., Afferent diversity and the organization of central vestibular pathways, Exp Brain Res130 (2000), 277–297.
16.
GrestyM., HessK. and LeechJ., DISORDERS OF THE VESTIBULO-OCULAR REFLEX PRODUCING OSCILLOPSIA AND MECHANISMS COMPEN ATING FOR LOSS OF LABYRINTHINE FUNCTION, Brain100 (1977), 693–716.
17.
GuinandN., PijnenburgM., JanssenM. and KingmaH., Visual acuity while walking and oscillopsia severity in healthy subjects and patients with unilateral and bilateral vestibular function loss,Head & Neck Surgery, Archives of Otolaryngology–138 (2012), 301–306.
18.
HalmagyiG.M. and CurthoysI.S., A clinical sign of canal paresis, Archives of neurology45 (1988), 737–739.
19.
HonakerJ.A. and ShepardN.T., Use of the Dynamic Visual Acuity Test as a screener for community-dwelling older adults who fall, Journal of Vestibular Research21 (2011), 267–276.
20.
JitsukawaS., TakanoK., ItoF., TsubomatsuC. and HimiT., Influence of Age on Caloric Response, in: Excellence in Otolaryngology, Karger Publishers, 2016, pp. 17–22.
21.
JohnssonL.G., Degenerative changes and anomalies of the vestibular system in man, The Laryngoscope81 (1971), 1682–1694.
22.
Jorns-HäderliM., StraumannD. and PallaA., Accuracy of the bedside head impulse test in detecting vestibular hypofunction, Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry78 (2007), 1113–1118.
23.
LeónA., EstradaJ.M. and RosenfieldM., Age and the amplitude of accommodation measured using dynamic retinoscopy, Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics36 (2016), 5–12.
24.
LiC., LaymanA.J., GearyR., AnsonE., CareyJ.P., FerrucciL. and AgrawalY., Epidemiology of vestibulo-ocular reflex function: data from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging, Otology & neurotology: official publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology36 (2015), 267.
25.
LimD.J., Otoconia in health and disease: a review, Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology93 (1984), 17–24.
26.
MallinsonA. and LongridgeN., Caloric response does not decline with age, Journal of Vestibular Research14 (2004), 393–396.
27.
Martin-Saint-LaurentA., LavernheJ., CasanoG. and SimkoffA., Clinical aspects of inflight incapacitations in commercial aviation, Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine61 (1990), 256–260.
28.
MathesonA.J., DarlingtonC.L. and SmithP.F., Further evidence for age-related deficits in human postural function, Journal of Vestibular Research9 (1999), 261–264.
29.
Matiño-SolerE., Esteller-MoreE., Martin-SanchezJ.-C., Martinez-SanchezJ.-M. and Perez-FernandezN., Normative data on angular vestibulo-ocular responses in the yaw axis measured using the video head impulse test, Otology & Neurotology36 (2015), 466–471.
30.
McCaslinD.L., RivasA., JacobsonG.P. and BennettM.L., The dissociation of video head impulse test (vHIT) and bithermal caloric test results provide topological localization of vestibular system impairment in patients with “definite” Ménière’s disease, Am J Audiol24 (2015), 1–10.
31.
McGarvieL.A., CurthoysI.S., MacDougallH.G. and HalmagyiG.M., What does the dissociation between the results of video head impulse versus caloric testing reveal about the vestibular dysfunction in Ménière’s disease?Acta Otolaryngol135 (2015), 859–865.
32.
McGarvieL.A., MacDougallH.G., HalmagyiG.M., BurgessA.M., WeberK.P. and CurthoysI.S., The video head impulse test (vHIT) of semicircular canal function–age-dependent normative values of VOR gain in healthy subjects, Frontiers in Neurology6 (2015), 154.
33.
McGarvieL.A., MacDougallH.G., HalmagyiG.M., BurgessA.M., WeberK.P. and CurthoysI.S., The video head impulse test (vHIT) of semicircular canal function–age-dependent normative values of VOR gain in healthy subjects, Frontiers in Neurology6 (2015).
34.
MerchantS.N., TsujiK., WallC.III, Velázquez-VillaseñorL., GlynnR.J. and RauchS.D., Temporal bone studies of the human peripheral vestibular system: 1. Normative vestibular hair cell data, Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology109 (2000), 3–13.
35.
MooreS.T., HirasakiE., RaphanT. and CohenB., The Human Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex during Linear Locomotion, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences942 (2001), 139–147.
36.
PengG.C., ZeeD.S. and MinorL.B., Phase-plane analysis of gaze stabilization to high acceleration head thrusts: a continuum across normal subjects and patients with loss of vestibular function, Journal of Neurophysiology91 (2004), 1763–1781.
37.
PerezN. and Rama-LopezJ., Head-impulse and caloric tests in patients with dizziness, Otology & Neurotology24 (2003), 913–917.
38.
PeterkaR.J., BlackF.O. and SchoenhoffM., Age-related changes in human vestibulo-ocular reflexes: sinusoidal rotation and caloric tests, (1989).
39.
RamatS., ColnaghiS., BoehlerA., AstoreS., FalcoP., MandalàM., NutiD., ColagiorgioP. and VersinoM., A device for the functional evaluation of the VOR in clinical settings, Frontiers in Neurology3 (2012), 39.
40.
RauchS.D., VELAZQUEZ-VILLASEÑORL., DimitriP.S. and MerchantS.N., Decreasing hair cell counts in aging humans, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences942 (2001), 220–227.
41.
RichterE., Quantitative study of human Scarpa’s ganglion and vestibular sensory epithelia, Acta oto-laryngologica90 (1980), 199–208.
42.
RiskaK.M. and HallC.D., Reliability and normative data for the dynamic visual acuity test for vestibular screening, Otology & Neurotology37 (2016), 545–552.
43.
RobinsonD., How the oculomotor system repairs itself, Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science14 (1975), 413–415.
44.
RobinsonD., Adaptive gain control of vestibuloocular reflex by the cerebellum, Journal of Neurophysiology39 (1976), 954–969.
45.
RomanoF., BertoliniG., AgostinoD., StraumannD., RamatS. and Feddermann-DemontN., Functional head impulse test in professional athletes: sport-specific normative values and implication for sport-related concussion, Frontiers in Neurology10 (2019), 387.
46.
SchubertM.C., MigliaccioA.A., ClendanielR.A., AllakA. and CareyJ.P., Mechanism of dynamic visual acuity recovery with vestibular rehabilitation, Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation89 (2008), 500–507.
47.
SchubertM.C., MigliaccioA.A. and SantinaC.C.D., Modification of compensatory saccades after aVOR gain recovery, Journal of Vestibular Research16 (2006), 285–291.
48.
SchubertM.C., ShepardN.T., JacobsonG. and ShepardN., Practical anatomy and physiology of the vestibular system, Balance Function Assessment and Management (2008), 1–12.
49.
StarkovD., GuinandN., LucieerF., RanieriM., CavuscensS., PleshkovM., GuyotJ.-P., KingmaH., RamatS. and Perez-FornosA., Restoring the high-frequency dynamic visual acuity with a vestibular implant prototype in humans, Audiology and Neurotology25 (2020), 91–95.
50.
TianJ.-r., ShubayevI. and DemerJ.L., Dynamic visual acuity during passive and self-generated transient head rotation in normal and unilaterally vestibulopathic humans, Experimental Brain Research142 (2002), 486–495.
51.
van DoorenT., LucieerF., DuijnS., JanssenA., GuinandN., Perez FornosA., Van RompaeyV., KingmaH., RamatS. and van de BergR., The functional head impulse test to assess Oscillopsia in bilateral Vestibulopathy, Frontiers in Neurology10 (2019), 365.
52.
VersinoM., ColagiorgioP., SaccoS., ColnaghiS., QuaglieriS., ManfrinM., BenazzoM., MogliaA. and RamatS., Reading while moving: the functional assessment of VOR, Journal of Vestibular Research24 (2014), 459–464.
53.
VicianaD., FerrerJ., PalmaM.J., ZapataC. and Lopez-EscamezJ.A., Dynamic visual acuity during head-thrust test in canal planes in healthy subjects and patients with vestibular neuritis, Acta oto-laryngologica130 (2010), 1260–1266.
54.
VitalD., HegemannS.C., StraumannD., BergaminO., BockischC.J., AngehrnD., SchmittK.-U. and ProbstR., A new dynamic visual acuity test to assess peripheral vestibular function,Head & Neck Surgery, Archives of Otolaryngology{–136 (2010), 686–691.
55.
WaltherL. and WesthofenM., Presbyvertigo-aging of otoconia and vestibular sensory cells, Journal of Vestibular Research17 (2007), 89–92.
56.
WiesmeierI.K., DalinD. and MaurerC., Elderly use proprioception rather than visual and vestibular cues for postural motor control, Frontiers in aging neuroscience7 (2015), 97.
57.
ZapalaD.A., OlsholtK.F. and LundyL.B., A comparison of water and air caloric responses and their ability to distinguish between patients with normal and impaired ears, Ear and hearing29 (2008), 585–600.
