Five-year follow-up on two revascularization methods used on patients with left main artery disease and/or multivessel coronary artery disease

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are the main treatment methods for left main artery disease (LMAD) and triple-vessel coronary artery disease (TVCAD).

OBJECTIVE:

This study aimed to evaluate the five-year post-treatment effects of CABG and PCI in patients with severe coronary vasculopathy.

METHODS:

A total of 430 patients with LMAD and/or triple-vessel coronary artery disease from November 2014 to July 2015 were enrolled retrospectively in the affiliated cardiovascular hospital of Shanxi Medical University and divided into the CABG group and PCI group. The living conditions of the patients were obtained through medical records and telephonic follow-ups five years after the surgery date. The independent risk factors for major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) were analyzed using logistic regression analysis. The effects of the two treatment methods were followed up and evaluated to measure the predictive ability of the Global Risk Classification (GRC) scoring system for MACCE after five years.

RESULTS:

There were 212 cases in the CABG group and 218 cases in the PCI group. Smoking ( $P=$ 0.047), diabetes ( $P=$ 0.031), LVEF ( $P=$ 0.020), LMAD ( $P=$ 0.008), and anterior descending branch lesions ( $P=$ 0.038) were significantly correlated with MACCE. The prevalence of MACCE in the CABG group and PCI group had no significant difference ( $P=$ 0.549). The GRC scoring system received an AUC of 0.701 for predicting MACCE.

CONCLUSION:

For patients with severe coronary artery disease, there was no significant difference in the prevalence of MACCE between the CABG and the PCI groups. Several independent risk factors for MACCE were found. The GRC scoring system showed a strong predictive ability for MACCE after five years of revascularization.