Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is one of the musculoskeletal system pathologies frequently encountered especially in women.
OBJECTIVE:
The aim of the current study was to compare the efficacy of an online exercise program with a home exercise program including the same exercises, and a control group planned for females with PFPS.
METHODS:
The study included 60 females with PFPS aged 33.17 6.84. Participants were randomly divided into 3 groups. One of the groups was given a 6-week home program consisting of evidence-based exercises. Exercises consisting of the same exercises were supervised online to another group. The third group did not receive any intervention. Pain, knee joint range of motion, muscle strength in flexion and extension and hip posterolateral muscle group, patellofemoral joint functionality, quality of life, recurrence of injury and fear of movement were measured at preintervention and postintervention.
RESULTS:
Participation in the online supervised exercise group was seen to result in a greater decrease in pain during activity and kinesiophobia, and a greater increase in the quality of life mental health sub-dimension compared to the home exercise group.
CONCLUSION:
Online supervised exercise groups could be an alternative telerehabilitation method for exercise programs established for women with PFPS.
WitvrouwECallaghanMJStefanikJJ, et al. Patellofemoral pain: Consensus statement from the 3rd International Patellofemoral Pain Research Retreat held in Vancouver, September 2013. Br J Sports Med.2014; 48(6): 411-4.
2.
CrossleyKMvan MiddelkoopMCallaghanMJ, et al. 2016 Patellofemoral pain consensus statement from the 4th International Patellofemoral Pain Research Retreat, Manchester. Part 2: Recommended physical interventions (exercise, taping, bracing, foot orthoses and combined interventions). Br J Sports Med.2016; 50(14): 844-52.
3.
PowersCMWitvrouwEDavisIS, et al. Evidence-based framework for a pathomechanical model of patellofemoral pain: 2017 patellofemoral pain consensus statement from the 4th International Patellofemoral Pain Research Retreat, Manchester, UK: Part 3. Br J Sports Med.2017; 51(24): 1713-23.
4.
SmithBESelfeJThackerD, et al. Incidence and prevalence of patellofemoral pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PloS One.2018; 13(1): e0190892.
5.
SmithBEMoffattFHendrickP, et al. The experience of living with patellofemoral pain – loss, confusion and fear-avoidance: A UK qualitative study. BMJ Open.2018; 8(1): e018624.
6.
CoburnSLBartonCJFilbaySR, et al. Quality of life in individuals with patellofemoral pain: A systematic review including meta-analysis. Phys Ther Sport.2018; 33: 96-108.
7.
SaltychevMDuttonRALaimiK, et al. Effectiveness of conservative treatment for patellofemoral pain syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Rehabil Med.2018; 50(5): 393-401.
8.
CollinsNJBartonCJVan MiddelkoopM, et al. 2018 Consensus statement on exercise therapy and physical interventions (orthoses, taping and manual therapy) to treat patellofemoral pain: Recommendations from the 5th International Patellofemoral Pain Research Retreat, Gold Coast, Australia, 2017. Br J Sports Med.2018; 52(18): 1170-8.
9.
HarrisonLSheppardMSMcQuarrieAM. Feature articles-a randomized controlled trial of physical therapy treatment programs in patellofemoral pain syndrome. Physiother Can.1999; 51(2): 93-100.
10.
LoudonJKGajewskiBGoist-FoleyHL, et al. The effectiveness of exercise in treating patellofemoral-pain syndrome. J Sport Rehabil.2004 Nov 1; 13(4): 323-42.
11.
van LinschotenRvan MiddelkoopMBergerMY, et al. Supervised exercise therapy versus usual care for patellofemoral pain syndrome: an open label randomised controlled trial. Bmj. 2009 Oct 20; 339.
12.
GaleaMD. Telemedicine in rehabilitation. Phys Med Rehabil Clin.2019; 30(2): 473-83.
13.
Prvu BettgerJResnikLJ. Telerehabilitation in the age of COVID-19: An opportunity for learning health system research. Phys Ther.2020; 100(11): 1913-6.
14.
NelsonMBourkeMCrossleyK, et al. Telerehabilitation versus traditional care following total hip replacement: A randomized controlled trial protocol. JMIR Research Protocols.2017; 6(3): e7083.
15.
MoffetHTousignantMNadeauS, et al. Patient satisfaction with in-home telerehabilitation after total knee arthroplasty: Results from a randomized controlled trial. Telemedicine and e-Health.2017; 23(2): 80-7.
16.
Pastora-BernalJMMartín-ValeroRBarón-LópezFJ, et al. Evidence of benefit of telerehabitation after orthopedic surgery: A systematic review. Journal of Medical Internet Research.2017; 19(4): e6836..
17.
Albornoz-CabelloMBarrios-QuintaCJBarrios-QuintaAM, et al. Effectiveness of tele-prescription of therapeutic physical exercise in patellofemoral pain syndrome during the COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Environ Research Public Health.2021; 18(3): 1048.
18.
HottABroxJIPrippAH, et al. Patellofemoral pain: One year results of a randomized trial comparing hip exercise, knee exercise, or free activity. Scand J Med Sci Sports.2020; 30(4): 741-53.
19.
FukudaTYRossettoFMMagalhãesE, et al. Short-term effects of hip abductors and lateral rotators strengthening in females with patellofemoral pain syndrome: A randomized controlled clinical trial. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther.2010; 40(11): 736-42.
20.
BoeckstynsMEBackerM. Reliability and validity of the evaluation of pain in patients with total knee replacement. Pain.1989; 38(1): 29-33.
21.
ShamsiMMirzaeiMKhabiriSS. Universal goniometer and electro-goniometer intra-examiner reliability in measuring the knee range of motion during active knee extension test in patients with chronic low back pain with short hamstring muscle. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil.2019; 11(1): 1-5.
22.
ClapisPADavisSMDavisRO. Reliability of inclinometer and goniometric measurements of hip extension flexibility using the modified Thomas test. Physiother Theory Pract.2008; 24(2): 135-41.
23.
ThorborgKBandholmTHölmichP. Hip-and knee-strength assessments using a hand-held dynamometer with external belt-fixation are inter-tester reliable. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc.2013; 21(3): 550-5.
24.
AlmeidaGPLRodriguesHLDde FreitasBW, et al. Reliability and validity of the hip stability isometric test (hipsit): A new method to assess hip posterolateral muscle strength. J Orthop Sport Phys Ther.2017; 47(12): 906-13.
25.
KujalaUMJaakkolaLHKoskinenSK, et al. Scoring of patellofemoral disorders. Arthroscopy.1993; 9: 159-63.
26.
KuruTDereliEYalimanA. Validity of the Turkish version of the Kujala patellofemoral score in patellofemoral pain syndrome. Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc.2010; 44(2): 152-6.
27.
KoçyiğitHAydemirÖFişekG, et al. Form-36 (KF-36)’nın Türkçe versiyonunun güvenilirliği ve geçerliliği. Ilaç ve Tedavi Dergisi.1999; 12(2): 102-6.
28.
YilmazÖTYakutYUygurF, et al. Turkish version of the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia and its test-retest reliability. Turk J Physiother Rehabil.2011; 22(1): 44-9.
29.
DischiaviSLWrightAATararaDT, et al. Do exercises for patellofemoral pain reflect common injury mechanisms? A systematic review. J Sci Med Sport.2021; 24(3): 229-40.
30.
HottABroxJIPrippAH, et al. Patellofemoral pain: One year results of a randomized trial comparing hip exercise, knee exercise, or free activity. Scand J Med Sci Sports.2020; 30(4): 741-53.
31.
ManojlovićDKozincŽŠarabonN. Trunk, Hip and Knee Exercise Programs for Pain Relief, Functional Performance and Muscle Strength in Patellofemoral Pain: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Pain Res.2021; 14: 1431.
32.
ClijsenRFuchsJTaeymansJ. Effectiveness of exercise therapy in treatment of patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Phys Ther.2014; 94(12): 1697-708.
33.
ForoughiFSobhaniSYoosefinejadAK, et al. Added value of isolated core postural control training on knee pain and function in women with patellofemoral pain syndrome: A randomized controlled trial. Arch Phys Med Rehabil.2019; 100(2): 220-9.
34.
MoteallehAMohamadiMMoghadamMB, et al. Effects of core neuromuscular training on pain, balance, and functional performance in women with patellofemoral pain syndrome: A clinical trial. J Chiropr Med.2019; 18(1): 9-18.
35.
CoburnSLBartonCJFilbaySR, et al. Quality of life in individuals with patellofemoral pain: A systematic review including meta-analysis. Phys Ther Sport.2018; 33: 96-108.
36.
Prieto-GarcíaLFCortés-ReyesELara-CotacioG, et al. Therapeutic effect of two muscle strengthening programs in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome. A randomized controlled clinical trial. Rev Fac Med.2021 Jun; 69(2).
37.
ReijndersLVan de GroesSA. The quality of life of patients with patellofemoral pain – a systematic review. Acta Orthop Belg.2020; 86: 678-87.
38.
AzabARAbdelbassetWKBashaMA, et al. Incorporation of Pilates-based core strengthening exercises into the rehabilitation protocol for adolescents with patellofemoral pain syndrome: A randomized clinical trial. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci.2022; 26(4): 1091-100.
39.
GoldsteinLAMehlingWEMetzlerTJ, et al. Veterans group exercise: A randomized pilot trial of an integrative exercise program for veterans with posttraumatic stress. J Affect Disord.2018; 227: 345-52.
40.
PrioreLBAzevedoFMPazzinattoMF, et al. Influence of kinesiophobia and pain catastrophism on objective function in women with patellofemoral pain. Phys Ther Sport.2019; 35: 116-21.
41.
DomenechJSanchis-AlfonsoVLópezL, et al. Influence of kinesiophobia and catastrophizing on pain and disability in anterior knee pain patients. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc.2013 Jul; 21(7): 1562-8.
42.
GreavesHComfortPLiuA, et al. How effective is an evidence-based exercise intervention in individuals with patellofemoral pain? Phys Ther Sport.2021; 51: 92-101.
43.
SeronPOliverosMJGutierrez-AriasR, et al. Effectiveness of telerehabilitation in physical therapy: A rapid overview. Phys Ther.2021; 101(6): pzab053.
44.
RathleffMSRathleffCRHoldenS, et al. Exercise therapy, patient education, and patellar taping in the treatment of adolescents with patellofemoral pain: A prospective pilot study with 6 months follow-up. Pilot and Feasibility Stud.2018; 4(1): 1-9.
