Influence of ultrasonic excitation on microhardness of glass ionomer cement

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Numerous researchers have attempted to improve the mechanical properties of glass ionomer cement since 1972. In this study, ultrasonic curing treatment was introduced during the mixing of glass ionomer cement (GC Fuji IX) to facilitate intimate mixing, compaction and adaptation of residual glass particle which consequently improves densification of the material.

OBJECTIVE:

To assess the influence of ultrasonic treatment on the microhardness of glass ionomer cement (GC Fuji IX) and compare it with the conventionally cured method.

METHODS:

A total of 40 specimens (2 $\times$ 2 mm) were fabricated and equally divided into two groups: Group I (conventional curing method) and Group II (ultrasonically cured). For Group II, an ultrasonic scaler was used which provides energy to ensure proper mixing of material without leaving any air bubbles or unmixed particles. Vicker’s hardness test was employed to generate the average microhardness values by making three indentations at different points on each specimen. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 17 was used, employing independent samples $T$ test to compare the difference in microhardness values between two curing groups.

RESULTS:

The average surface hardness value for conventional cured GIC was 62.21 $\pm$ 13.61 while ultrasonically cured GIC exhibited a higher mean microhardness value of 66.37 $\pm$ 12.83. Additionally, the average microhardness values produced by the two groups showed statistically significant differences ( $p$ value $<$ 0.035).

CONCLUSION:

Ultrasonic excitation treatment leads to intimate mixing and accelerated hardening of glass ionomer cement thereby enhancing its microhardness and reducing early weakness.