Adjustment methods for non-response and their application to Finnish income data

Abstract

Non-response is an increasing rather than a decreasing problem in surveys, but there are also many other deficiencies in them. The non-response rates in Finnish income surveys have been 15–30% on average. Since these values do not go missing randomly, obvious biases exist in estimates. This paper discusses their effects and the opportunities available for adjusting for them presenting statistical methods developed or applied in Finland. Applications to income distribution data are demonstrated.