Clinical profile and pattern of congenital heart disease in infants of diabetic mother and infants of non-diabetic mother at a tertiary care hospital

Abstract

OBJECTIVES:

To assess the clinical manifestations and pattern of congenital heart diseases (CHD) in infants of diabetic mothers (IDMs) and infants of non-diabetic mothers.

METHODS:

A prospective cross sectional study was carried out at tertiary care center over a period of thirty months. All neonates were included in this study if CHD were identified by echocardiography within this study period. Chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test were used to compare between groups.

RESULT:

Out of 62 neonates, IDMs and non-IDMs were equal in number, male and female ratio was 3 : 2, and majority were delivered by cesarean section (85.5%). Mean gestational age was 35 weeks, 62.3% were preterm, and 37.7% were term. Common clinical presentations were cardiac murmur (61%), and respiratory distress (43.5%). Less common presentations were low SaO₂ (27.4%), tachycardia (24.2%), and cyanosis (24.2%). Common combination of presentations were murmur and tachypnea (38.7%); cyanosis and low SaO₂ (24.19%); and low SaO₂ and tachypnea 15(24.19). The common echocardiographic findings were atrial septal defect (ASD; 72.6%), patent ductus arteriosus (PDA; 45.2%), and ventricular septal defect (VSD; 25.8%). ASD (77.4% vs 67.7%) and VSD (35.5% vs 16.1%) were more in IDMs, and PDA (48.4% vs 41.9%) was more in non-IDMs. These differences were not significant between groups.

CONCLUSION:

Clinical presentation and echocardiographic findings of CHD were similar in IDMs and non-IDMs.