BACKGROUND: Programmed changes in growth restricted fetuses can increase the
risk of adulthood diseases due to elevated serum cholesterol and apolipoprotein-B (Apo-B)
concentrations. Increasing evidence demonstrated the role of apoB/apoA-I ratio as a strong
risk factor for cardiovascular diseases.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the concentration of cord blood lipoproteins and
apolipoproteins as well as their correlation with birth weight.
METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted in a teaching institution
in central India. Healthy full-term newborns, born out of normal vaginal deliveries, were
recruited. Cases include term small for gestational age (SGA) babies while term
appropriate for gestational age (AGA) babies were taken as controls. Their umbilical
venous blood was collected and sent for biochemical analysis.
RESULTS: Out of 126 healthy newborns, 66 were cases and 60 were controls.
Mean values of serum triglyceride (141.56±69.67 mg/dl vs. 113.67±33.38 mg/dl;
p < 0.006; 95% CI = 8.31 to 47.46) and serum apo-B/apo-A-1 ratio
(0.67±0.28 vs. 0.55±0.20; p < 0.007; 95% CI = 0.033 to 0.206) were
significantly high and that of serum high density cholesterol (35.84±10.42 mg/dl vs.
40.73±11.70 mg/dl; p < 0.014; 95% CI = –8.79 to –0.98) and Apo-A1
[87.59±12.44 mg/dl vs. 101.87±35.07 mg/dl; p = 0.002; 95% CI = –23.39 to –5.16) were
significantly low in SGA newborns. Serum cholesterol, very low-density cholesterol
rlow-density cholesterol rand Apo-B did not show any significant difference. Among SGA
newborns significant negative correlation was seen between birth weight and apo-B/apo-A1
and serum triglyceride, while birth weight and serum apo-A1 level showed significant
positive correlation. There was no statistically significant correlation between birth
weight and other parameters.
CONCLUSION: These findings further support the association of prenatal
factors with lipid profile rand can serve as starting point for studying lipid transport
system changes during early life in Indian population.
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