Accurate population specific aids are needed for food portion size estimation in diet assessment.
OBJECTIVE:
To develop and evaluate a food photograph series software for accurate portion size estimation among urban North Indian adults.
METHODS:
A preliminary food consumption survey was conducted on 60 adults (25–60 years, male = female = 30) selected purposively from urban Delhi. A range of portion sizes of commonly consumed food items were standardized and photographed at 45 degree angle. An online portion size estimation tool was developed comprising data on 368 recipes and photographs for 313 food items. Real time (part A) and recalled estimation after 24 hours (part B) was done for pre-weighed food portions by participants (n = 30, 25–60 years, male = female = 15) using the software.
RESULTS:
The % mean relative error in estimation of 24 pre-weighed food portions was –5±22.61% and 13.07±53.22% for parts A and B respectively. Significant correlation between actual and estimated food portions was observed (r > 0.90, p < 0.0001). Correct picture was selected by participants in≥60% estimations while correct or adjacent picture was selected in≥89% estimations.
CONCLUSIONS:
The software is a useful aid for dietitians and other nutrition professionals for accurate portion size estimation among urban North Indian adults.
GibsonRS, CharrondiereUR, BellW. Measurement Errors in Dietary Assessment Using Self-Reported 24-Hour Recalls in Low-Income Countries and Strategies for Their Prevention. Adv Nutr. 2017;8(6):980–91. doi: 10.3945/an.117.016980.
2.
SubarAF, FreedmanLS, ToozeJA, KirkpatrickSI, BousheyC, NeuhouserML. et al.
Addressing Current Criticism Regarding the Value of Self-Report Dietary Data. J Nutr. 2015;145(12):2639–45. doi: 10.3945/jn.115.219634.
3.
FAO.
Dietary Assessment: A resource guide to method selection and application in low resource settings. Rome: 2018.
4.
BaranowskiT24-Hour Recall and Diet Record Methods. In: Willett W, editor. Nutr. Epidemiol. 3rd ed,New York: Oxford University Press; 2022;49–69.
5.
Almiron-RoigE, Navas-CarreteroS, EmeryP, MartínezJA. Research into food portion size: methodological aspects and applications. Food Funct. 2018;9(2):715–39. doi: 10.1039/c7fo01430a.
6.
Almiron-RoigE, AitkenA, GallowayC, EllahiB. Dietary assessment in minority ethnic groups: a systematic review of instruments for portion-size estimation in the United Kingdom. Nutr Rev. 2017;75(3):188–213. doi: 10.1093/nutrit/nuw058.
7.
BallGDC, FriedmanA. Dice, Golf Balls, and CDs: Assumptions About Portion Size Measurement Aids. Can J Diet Pract Res. 2010;71(3):146–9. doi: 10.3148/71.3.2010.146.
8.
FosterE, MatthewsJNS, NelsonM, HarrisJM, MathersJC, AdamsonAJ. Accuracy of estimates of food portion size using food photographs–the importance of using age-appropriate tools. Public Health Nutr. 2006;9(4), 509–14.
9.
ChambersE, GodwinS, VecchioFA. Cognitive strategies for reporting portion sizes using dietary recall procedures. J Am Diet Assoc. 2000;100(8):891–7. doi: 10.1016/s0002-8223(00)00259-5.
10.
AmoutzopoulosB, PageP, RobertsC, RoeM, CadeJ, SteerT, et al.
Portion size estimation in dietary assessment: a systematic review of existing tools, their strengths and limitations. Nutr Rev. 2020;78(11):885–900. doi: 10.1093/nutrit/nuz107.
11.
FaulknerGP, LivingstoneMBE, PourshahidiLK, SpenceM, DeanM, O’BrienS, et al.
An evaluation of portion size estimation aids: precision, ease of use and likelihood of future use. Public Health Nutr. 2016;19(13):2377–87. doi: 10.1017/S1368980016000082.
12.
ThoradeniyaT, deSilva A, ArambepolaC, AtukoralaS, LanerolleP. Portion size estimation aids for Asian foods. J Hum Nutr Diet. 2012;25(5):497–504. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-277X.2012.01245.x.
GibsonRS. Measuring Food Consumption of Individuals. In: Gibson RS, editor. Princ. Nutr. Assess. Second,New York: Oxford University Press;200541–64.
15.
CypelYS, GuentherPM, PetotGJ. Validity of Portion-Size Measurement Aids. J Am Diet Assoc. 1997;97(3):289–92. doi: 10.1016/S0002-8223(97)00074-6.
16.
SalvesenL, EngesetD, ØverbyNC, MedinAC. Development and evaluation of image-series for portion size estimation in dietary assessment among adults. J Nutr Sci. 2021;10:1–12. doi: 10.1017/jns.2020.58.
17.
DingY, YangY, LiF, ShaoY, SunZ, ZhongC, et al.
Development and validation of a photographic atlas of food portions for accurate quantification of dietary intakes in China. J Hum Nutr Diet. 2021;34(3):604–15. doi: 10.1111/jhn.12844.
18.
NichellePG, AlmeidaCCB, CameySA, GarmusLM, EliasVCM, MarchioniDM, et al.
Subjects’ Perception in Quantifying Printed and Digital Photos of Food Portions. Nutrients.501. 2019;11(3):501. doi: 10.3390/nu11030501.
19.
BouchouchaM, AkroutM, BellaliH, BouchouchaR, TarhouniF, MansourA Ben, et al.
Development and validation of a food photography manual, as a tool for estimation of food portion size in epidemiological dietary surveys in Tunisia. Libyan J Med. 2016;11:1. doi: 10.3402/ljm.v11.32676.
20.
AliHI, PlatatC, MesmoudiN El, SadigM El, TewfikI. Evaluation of a photographic food atlas as a tool for quantifying food portion size in the United Arab Emirates. PLoS One. 2018;13(4):e0196389. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196389.
21.
VilelaS, LopesC, GuiomarS, SeveroM, RangelovaL, PetrovaS, et al.
Validation of a picture book to be used in a pan-European dietary survey. Public Health Nutr. 2018;21(9):1654–63. doi: 10.1017/S1368980017004153.
22.
Zainal BadariSA, ArcotJ, SulaimanN. An exploratory study of visual aids using life-sized photographs of serve/portion sizes of foods and their effectiveness in recording dietary intakes. Malaysian J Consum Fam Econ. 2015;18:50–71.
23.
LazarteCE, EncinasME, AlegreC, GranfeldtY. Validation of digital photographs, as a tool in 24-h recall, for the improvement of dietary assessment among rural populations in developing countries. Nutr J. 2012;11(1):61. doi: 10.1186/1475-2891-11-61.
24.
CoatesJC, ColaiezziBA, BellW, CharrondiereUR, LeclercqC. Overcoming dietary assessment challenges in low-income countries: Technological solutions proposed by the international dietary data expansion (INDDEX) project. Nutrients. 2017;9(3):289. doi: 10.3390/nu9030289.
25.
KochSAJ, ConradJ, CadeJE, WeinholdL, AlexyU, NöthlingsU. Validation of the web-based self-administered 24-h dietary recall myfood24-Germany: comparison with a weighed dietary record and biomarkers. Eur J Nutr.-82. 2021;60:4069–82. doi: 10.1007/s00394-021-02547-7.
26.
RowlandMK, AdamsonAJ, PoliakovI, BradleyJ, SimpsonE, OlivierP, et al.
Field testing of the use of intake24— An online 24-hour dietary recall system. Nutrients. 2018;10(11):1690. doi: 10.3390/nu10111690.
27.
TimonCM, BlainRJ, McNultyB, KehoeL, EvansK, WaltonJ, et al.
The Development, Validation, and User Evaluation of Foodbook A Web-Based Dietary Assessment Tool Developed for the Irish Adult Population. J Med Internet Res. 2017;19(5):e158. doi: 10.2196/jmir.6407.
28.
ConradJ, KochSAJ, NöthlingsU. New approaches in assessing food intake in epidemiology. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2018;21(5):343–51. doi: 10.1097/MCO.0000000000000497.
29.
JacquesS, LemieuxS, LamarcheB, LaraméeC, CorneauL, LapointeA, et al.
Development of a Web-Based 24-h Dietary Recall for a French-Canadian Population. Nutrients. 2016;8(11):724. doi: 10.3390/nu8110724.
30.
LafrenièreJ, LamarcheB, LaraméeC, RobitailleJ, LemieuxS. Validation of a newly automated web-based 24-hour dietary recall using fully controlled feeding studies. BMC Nutr. 2017;3(1):34. doi: 10.1186/s40795-017-0153-3.
31.
KirkpatrickSI, SubarAF, DouglassD, ZimmermanTP, ThompsonFE, KahleLL, et al.
Performance of the Automated Self-Administered 24-hour Recall relative to a measure of true intakes and to an interviewer-administered 24-h recall. Am J Clin Nutr. 2014;100(1):233–40. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.114.083238.
32.
ShinozakiN, MurakamiK, AsakuraK, MasayasuS, SasakiS. Development of a Digital Photographic Food Atlas as a Portion Size Estimation Aid in Japan. Nutrients. 2022;14(11):2218. doi: 10.3390/NU14112218.
33.
FlaxVL, ThakwalakwaC, SchnefkeCH, StobaughH, PhukaJC, CoatesJ, et al.
Validation of a digitally displayed photographic food portion-size estimation aid among women in urban and rural Malawi. Public Health Nutr. 2019;22(17):3140–50. doi: 10.1017/S1368980019002428.
34.
NaskaA, ValanouE, PeppaE, KatsoulisM, BarbouniA, TrichopoulouA. Evaluation of a digital food photography atlas used as portion size measurement aid in dietary surveys in Greece. Public Health Nutr. 2016;19(13):2369–76. doi: 10.1017/S1368980016000227.
35.
Harris-FryH, PaudelP, KarnM, MishraN, ThakurJ, PaudelV, et al.
Development and validation of a photographic food atlas for portion size assessment in the southern plains of Nepal. Public Health Nutr. 2016;19(14):2495–507. doi: 10.1017/S1368980016000537.
36.
JayawardenaR, HerathMP. Development of a food atlas for Sri Lankan adults. BMC Nutr. 2017;3(1):43. doi: 10.1186/s40795-017-0160-4.
37.
TueniM, MounayarA, Birlouez-AragonI. Development and evaluation of a photographic atlas as a tool for dietary assessment studies in Middle East cultures. Public Health Nutr. 2012;15(06):1023–8. doi: 10.1017/S1368980012000171.
38.
TurconiG, GuarcelloM, BerzolariFG, CaroleiA, BazzanoR, RoggiC. An evaluation of a colour food photography atlas as a tool for quantifying food portion size in epidemiological dietary surveys. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2005;59(8):923–31. doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602162.
39.
VenterCS, MacIntyreUE, VorsterHH. The development and testing of a food portion photograph book for use in an African population. J Hum Nutr Diet. 2000;13(3):205–18. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-277x.2000.00228.x.
40.
WongLS, WongJE. Development of a photographic food atlas as a portion size estimation kit for Malaysian. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol. 2020;66(supplement):S184–9. doi: 10.3177/jnsv.66.S184.
41.
ShinS, ParkE, SunDH, YouT-K, LeeM-J, HwangS, et al.
Development and Evaluation of a Web-based Computer-Assisted Personal Interview System (CAPIS) for Open-ended Dietary Assessments among Koreans. Clin Nutr Res. 2014;3(2):115. doi: 10.7762/cnr.2014.3.2.115.
42.
LombardM, SteynN, BurgerH-M, CharltonK, SenekalM. A Food Photograph Series for Identifying Portion Sizes of Culturally Specific Dishes in Rural Areas with High Incidence of Oesophageal Cancer. Nutrients. 2013;5(8):3118–30. doi: 10.3390/nu5083118.
43.
RobsonPJ, LivingstoneMB. An evaluation of food photographs as a tool for quantifying food and nutrient intakes. Public Health Nutr. 2000;3(2):183–92.
44.
NelsonM, AtkinsonM, MeyerJ. Food Portion sizes: A User’s Guide to the Photographic Atlas1997–MAFF PublicationsLondon.
45.
SharmaV, ChadhaR. Assessment of portion sizes of food items commonly consumed by urban indian adults: A preliminary study. Curr Res Nutr Food Sci. 2020;8(1):182–96. doi: 10.12944/CRNFSJ.8.1.17.
46.
LawsheCH. A quantitative approach to content validity. Pers Psychol. 1975;28(4):563–75. doi: 10.1111/J.1744-6570.1975.TB01393.X.
47.
Al MarzooqiHM, BurkeSJ, Al GhazaliMR, DuffyE, YousufMHS Al. The development of a food atlas of portion sizes for the United Arab Emirates. J Food Compos Anal. 2015;43:140–8. doi: 10.1016/J.JFCA.2015.05.008.
48.
Biltoft-JensenA, Holmgaard NielsenT, Hess YgilK, ChristensenT, FagtS. Accuracy of food photographs for quantifying food servings in a lunch meal setting among Danish children and adults. J Hum Nutr Diet. 2018;31(1):131–40. doi: 10.1111/jhn.12490.
49.
NikolićM, MileševićJ, ZekovićM, GurinovićM, GlibetićM. The Development and Validation of Food Atlas for Portion Size Estimation in the Balkan Region. Front Nutr. 2018;5:78. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2018.00078.
50.
SubasingheAK, ThriftAG, EvansRG, ArabshahiS, SureshO, KartikK, et al.
Novel dietary intake assessment in populations with poor literacy. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2016;25(1), 202–12.
51.
VossenaarM, CrispimSP, LubowaA, DeitchlerM, MoursiM, ArimondM. Guidance for the Development of Food Photographs
for Portion Size Estimation in Quantitative 24-Hour Dietary Recall Surveys in Low- and Middle-Income Countries intake. 2020. Washington, DC and Curitiba, Brazil: Intake- Center for Dietary Assessment/FHI Solutions andDepartment of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraná.
52.
ProbstY, JonesH, SampsonG, SmithK. Development of Australian portion size photographs to enhance self-administered online dietary assessments for adults. Nutr Diet. 2010;67(4):275–80. doi: 10.1111/j.1747-0080.2010.01476.x.
53.
NelsonM, HaraldsdóttirJ. Food photographs: practical guidelines II. Development and use of photographic atlases for assessing food portion size. Public Health Nutr. 1998;1(04):231–7. doi: 10.1079/PHN19980039.
54.
IslamNG, DadabhoyH, GillumA, BaranowskiJ, ZimmermanT, SubarAF, et al.
Digital Food Photography: Dietary Surveillance and Beyond. Procedia Food Sci. 2013;2:122–8. doi: 10.1016/j.profoo.2013.04.019.
55.
GibsonRS, FergusonEL. An interactive 24-hour recall for assessing the adequacy of iron and zinc intakes in developing countries. Technical. Washington, DC: HarvestPlus; 2008.
56.
LongvahT, AnanthanR, BhaskaracharyK, VenkaiahK. Indian Food Composition Tables. Telangana State: National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research; 2017.
57.
ICMR-NIN
Nutrient Requirements for Indians, Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) and Estimated Average Requirements (EAR) - A Report of the ICMR-NIN Expert Group. Hyderabad, India: 2020.
58.
NelsonM, HaraldsdóttirJ. Food photographs: practical guidelines I. Design and analysis of studies to validate portion size estimates. Public Health Nutr. 1998;1(04):219–30. doi: 10.1079/PHN19980038.
59.
ColeTJ. Introduction. In: Margetts BM, Nelson M, editors. Des. Concepts Nutr. Epidemiol. First,New York: Oxford University Press;53–78. doi: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780192627391.001.0001.
60.
WHO. Health research methodology: a guide for training in research methods. 2nd ed. Manila: WHO Regional Office for theWestern Pacific; 2001.
61.
NelsonM, AtkinsonM, DarbyshireS. Food Photography I: the perception of food portion size from photographs. Br J Nutr. 1994;72(05):649. doi: 10.1079/BJN19940069.
62.
LucasF, NiravongM, VilleminotS, KaaksR, Clavel-ChapelonF. Estimation of food portion size using photographs: validity, strengths, weaknesses and recommendations. J Hum Nutr Diet. 1995;8(1):65–74. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-277X.1995.tb00296.x.
63.
GodwinS, ChambersE. Estimation of Portion Sizes by Elderly Respondents. Fam Econ Nutr Rev. 2003;15(1), 58–66.
64.
FrobisherC, MaxwellSM. The estimation of food portion sizes: a comparison between using descriptions of portion sizes and a photographic food atlas by children and adults. J Hum Nutr Diet. 2003;16(3), 181–8.
65.
Szenczi-CsehJ, HorváthZ, Ambrus. Validation of a food quantification picture book and portion sizes estimation applying perception and memory methods. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2017;68(8):960–72. doi: 10.1080/09637486.2017.1309521.
66.
FlaxVL, ThakwalakwaC, SchnefkeCH, StobaughH, PhukaJC, CoatesJ, et al.
Validation of a digitally displayed photographic food portion-size estimation aid among women in urban and rural Malawi. Public Health Nutr. 2019;22(17):3140–50. doi: 10.1017/S1368980019002428.
67.
LucassenDA, WillemsenRF, GeelenA, Brouwer-BrolsmaEM, FeskensEJM. The accuracy of portion size estimation using food images and textual descriptions of portion sizes: an evaluation study. J Hum Nutr Diet. 2021;34:945–52. doi: 10.1111/jhn.12878.
68.
AmougouN, CohenE, MbalaML, GrosdidierB, BernardJY, Saïd-MohamedR, et al.
Development and validation of two food portion photograph books to assess dietary intake among adults and children in Central Africa. Br J Nutr. 2016;115(05):895–902. doi: 10.1017/S0007114515005401.
69.
AyalaGX. An experimental evaluation of a group- versus computer-based intervention to improve food portion size estimation skills. Health Educ Res. 2006;21(1):133–45. doi: 10.1093/her/cyh049.
70.
HuybregtsL, RoberfroidD, LachatC, VanCamp J, KolsterenP. Validity of photographs for food portion estimation in a rural West African setting. Public Health Nutr. 2008;11(06):581–7. doi: 10.1017/S1368980007000870.
71.
HernándezT, WilderL, KuehnD, RubotzkyK, Moser-VeillonP, GodwinS, et al.
Portion size estimation and expectation of accuracy. J Food Compos Anal. 2006;19:S14–21. doi: 10.1016/j.jfca.2006.02.010.
72.
NelsonM, AtkinsonM, DarbyshireS. Food photography II: use of food photographs for estimating portion size and the nutrient content of meals. Br J Nutr. 1996;76(1):31–49.
73.
LombardM, SteynNP, CharltonKE, SenekalM. Application and interpretation of multiple statistical tests to evaluate validity of dietary intake assessment methods. Nutr J. 2015;14(1):40. doi: 10.1186/s12937-015-0027-y.
74.
OvaskainenM-L, PaturiM, ReinivuoH, HannilaM-L, SinkkoH, LehtisaloJ, et al.
Accuracy in the estimation of food servings against the portions in food photographs. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2008;62(5):674–81. doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602758.
75.
HebertJR, GuptaPC, BhonsleR, VergheseF, EbbelingC, BarrowR, et al.
Determinants of accuracy in estimating the weight and volume of commonly used foods: A cross-cultural comparison. Ecol Food Nutr. 1998;37(5):475–502. doi: 10.1080/03670244.1998.9991561.
76.
FerreiraGR, da SilvaDG, TaconeliCA, PierinGAF, LassH de S, MartinsLS, et al.
Assessment of bias and associated factors for food portion quantification with photos in Brazil. Meas Food. 2021;3:100007. doi: 10.1016/J.MEAFOO.2021.100007.
77.
RobinsonF, MorritzW, McGuinessP, HackettAF. A study of the use of a photographic food atlas to estimate served and self-served portion sizes. J Hum Nutr Diet. 1997;10(2):117–24. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-277X.1997.00043.x.
78.
HausmanNL, BorreroJC, FisherA, KahngS. Improving accuracy of portion-size estimations through a stimulus equivalence paradigm. J Appl Behav Anal. 2014;47(3):485–99. doi: 10.1002/jaba.139.
79.
MartinCK, AntonSD, York-CroweE, HeilbronnLK, VanSkiverC, RedmanLM, et al.
Empirical evaluation of the ability to learn a calorie counting system and estimate portion size and food intake. Br J Nutr. 2007;98(02):439–44. doi: 10.1017/S0007114507708802.
HernandezT, LopezE, BernierF, DuganT, PrueittP. Development of dietary assessment tools for culturally diverse populations: technological innovations. Am J Clin Nutr. 1997;65(suppl):1346S–7S–.
82.
TimonCM, CooperSE, BarkerME, AstellAJ, AdlamT, HwangF, et al.
A comparison of food portion size estimation by older adults, young adults and nutritionists. J Nutr Heal Aging. 2018;22(2):230–6. doi: 10.1007/s12603-017-0937-9.
83.
BucherT, RolloME, SmithSP, DeanM, BrownH, SunM, et al.
Position paper on the need for portion-size education and a standardised unit of measurement. Heal Promot J Aust. 2017;28(3):260–3. doi: 10.1071/HE15137.
84.
GodwinS, ChambersE, ClevelandL. Accuracy of reporting dietary intake using various portion-size aids in-person and via telephone. J Am Diet Assoc. 2004;104(4):585–94. doi: 10.1016/j.jada.2004.01.006.
85.
GodwinS, ChambersE, ClevelandL, IngwersenLA New Portion Size Estimation Aid for Wedge-Shaped Foods. J Am Diet Assoc. 2006;106(8):1246–50. doi: 10.1016/j.jada.2006.05.006.
86.
GodwinS, McGuireB, ChambersE, McDowellM, ClevelandL, Edwards-PerryE, et al.
Evaluation of portion size estimation aids used for meat in dietary surveys. Nutr Res. 2001;21(9):1217–33. doi: 10.1016/S0271-5317(01)00336-0.
