Failures on hub-and-spoke (H&S) network components (i.e., node and arc) of a road-rail intermodal transport (RRIT) system can give rise to severe degradation of the entire system reliability. This paper aims at developing a fuzzy reliability optimization approach for the RRIT system, which can be interpreted as a parallel-series system. To begin with, we provide a definition for the RRIT system reliability and relevant functions and subsequently, a fuzzy possibility measure-based optimization model. Different from previous studies, this model focuses on maximizing the network performance in terms of reliability by locating intermodal hubs for delivering flows among origin-destination (O-D) nodes. Next, we further discuss the complexity of the proposed model which has proven to be NP-hard. Hence, we use the tabu search (TS) algorithm with a two-dimensional array-based representation and two types of move operators to solve the proposed model and obtain optimal/near-optimal solutions for realistic instance sizes. Finally, we conduct a case study based on the well-known Turkish network to demonstrate the superiority of proposed model and the effectiveness of developed methods.
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