This paper presents a fractional order nonlinear Proportional Integral Derivative (FONPID) controller to efficiently achieve the Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) in Photovoltaic (PV) systems working under rapidly varying solar intensity and the temperature. In this paper, comparisons have been made among different techniques in respect of the extent of energy extracted from the photovoltaic (PV) system using MATLAB platforms. Gains of the proposed FONPID controllers are optimally tuned using a meta-heuristic based Elitist Teaching Learning Based Optimization (ETLBO) algorithm. The performance assessment of the FONPID controller is made in terms of efficiency, settling time, rise time and ripple. The ETLBO tuned FONPID controller outperforms the other controller such as PID, Nonlinear PID (NPID), Fractional order PID (FOPID) and perturb and observe (P & O) technique. Therefore, in view of the meticulous investigation it is inferred that the proposed FONPID controller is an emerging MPPT technique with highest tracking efficiency and negligible ripple.
ParavalosC., KoutroulisE., SamoladasV., KerekesT., SeraD. and TeodorescuR., Optimal design of photovoltaic systems using high time-resolution meteorological data, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics10 (2014), 2270–2279.
3.
GreenM.A., HishikawaY. and WartaW., Solar cell efficiency tables. (Version 50) Progress in Photovoltaics:, Research and Applications25 (2017), 668–676.
4.
TeyK.S. and MekhilefS., Modified incremental conductance algorithm for photovoltaic system under partial shading conditions and load variation, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics61(10) (2014), 5384–5392.
5.
MastromauroR.A., LiserreM. and Dell’AquilaA., Control issues in single-stage photovoltaic systems: MPPT, current and voltage control, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics8(2) (2012), 241–254.
6.
EsramT. and ChapmanP.L., Comparison of photovoltaic array maximum power point tracking techniques, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion22 (2007), 439–449.
7.
KumarBhavnesh, ChauhanYogesh and ShrivastavaVivek, A comparative study of maximum power point tracking methods for a photovoltaic-based water pumping system, International Journal of Sustainable Energy33 (2014), 797–810.
8.
KollimallaS.K. and MishraM.K., A novel adaptive P & O MPPT algorithm considering sudden changes in the irradiance,, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion29(3) (2014), 602–610.
9.
LoukrizA., HaddadiM. and MessaltiS., Simulation and experimental design of a new advanced variable step size Incremental Conductance MPPT algorithm for PV systems, ISA Transactions62 (2016), 30–38.
10.
HarragA. and MessaltiS., Variable step size modified P & O MPPT algorithm using GA-based hybrid offline/online PID controller, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews49 (2015), 1247–1260.
11.
DounisA., KofinasP., AlafodimosC. and TselesD., Adaptive fuzzy gain scheduling PID controller for maximum power point tracking of photovoltaic system, Renewable Energy60 (2013), 202–214.
12.
KumarA. and KumarV., Hybridized ABC-GA optimized fractional order fuzzy pre-compensated FOPID control design for 2-DOF robot manipulator, AEU International Journal of Electronic Communication79 (2017), 219–233.
13.
MohanVijay, ChhabraHimanshu, RaniAsha and SinghVijander, An expert 2DOF fractional order fuzzy PID controller for nonlinear systems, Neural Computing and Applications31 (2018), 4253–4270.
14.
NiuQun, ZhangHongyun and LiKang, An improved TLBO with elite strategy for parameters identification of PEM fuel cell and solar cell models, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy39(8) (2014), 3837–3854.
VillalvaM.G., GazoliJ.R. and FilhoE.R., Comprehensive approach to modeling and simulation of photovoltaic arrays, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics24(5) (2009), 1198–1208.
17.
AgorretaJ.L., ReinaldosL., GonzalezR., BorregaM., BaldaJ. and MarroyoL., Fuzzy switching technique applied to PWM boost converter operating in mixed conduction mode for PV systems, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics56(11) (2009), 4363–4373.
18.
KumarR. and SinghB., BLDC motor-driven solar PV array-fed water pumping system employing zeta converter, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications52(3) (2016), 2315–2322.
19.
RawatAnuj, Kant JhaShyama and KumarBhavnesh, An Overview of Configuration Strategies and Control Techniques for Solar Water Pumps, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3352352.
20.
PodlubnyI., Fractional differential equations: An introduction to fractional derivatives, fractional differential equations, to methods of their solution and some of their applications, Academic press, 1998.
21.
OustaloupA., LevronF., MathieuB. and NanotF.M., Frequency-band complex noninteger differentiator: characterization and synthesis, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Fundamental Theory and Applications47(1) (2000), 25–39.
22.
PachauriN., RaniA. and SinghV., Bioreactor temperature control using modified fractional order IMC-PID for ethanol production, Chemical Engineering Research and Design122 (2017), 97–112.
23.
MohanVijay, ChhabraHimanshu, RaniAsha and SinghVijander, Robust self-tuning fractional order PID controller dedicated to non-linear dynamic system, International Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems34 (2018), 1467–1478.
24.
KlerDhruv, RanaK.P.S. and KumarVineet, A nonlinear PID controller based novel maximum power point tracker for PV sytems, International Journal of the Franklin Institute355 (2018), 7827–7864.
25.
RaoR.V. and PatelV., An elitist teaching-learning-based optimization algorithm for solving complex constrained optimization problems, International Journal of Industrial Engineering Computations3(4) (2012), 535–560.
