Mobile Ad hoc networks (MANET) are multi hop networks, which are self organized, self configured and their topologies are changed dynamically. The destination node may be out of range of source node and routes are changing with time due to mobility of nodes. So a routing procedure is required to establish a path between them to send packets. Based on mobility pattern of MANET nodes, we have proposed four reactive routing models of MANET, which utilize position information of GPS, enabled nodes to restrict the search of a new stable path in a smaller cone-shape request zone. Among the proposed models, first three are being recommended for open field networks whereas last one is for urban area networks. We have compared our models with LAR, LARDAR and TN-CMAD and have shown the proposed models performed better in terms of overhead packets and energy consumption but a little increase of path-finding error.
R.Aboki, E.Shaghaghi, P.Akhlaghi and R.Md Noor, Predictive location aided routing in mobile ad hoc network, In: Communications (MICC), 2013 IEEE Malaysia International Conference on, IEEE, 2013, pp. 57–61.
2.
S.Basagni, I.Chlamtac, V.R.Syrotiuk and B.A.Woodward, A distance routing effect algorithm for mobility (dream), In: Proceedings of the 4th annual ACM/IEEE international conference on Mobile computing and networking, ACM, 1998, pp. 76–84.
3.
N.Chaki, Lar2p: A location aided reactive routing protocol for near-optimal route discovery in manet, In: 2010 International Conference on Computer Information Systems and Industrial Management Applications (CISIM), 2010, pp. 259–264, DOI 10.1109/CISIM.2010.5643654
4.
D.Deb, S.B.Roy and N.Chaki, Lacber: A new location aided routing protocol for gps scarce manet, International Journal of Wireless & Mobile Networks (IJWMN)1(1) (2009), 22–34.
5.
A.Dua, N.Kumar and S.Bawa, A systematic review on routing protocols for vehicular ad hoc networks, Vehicular Communications1(1) (2014), 33–52.
6.
K.T.Feng and T.E.Lu, Velocity and location aided routing for mobile ad hoc networks, In: Vehicular Technology Conference, 2004. VTC2004-Fall. 2004 IEEE 60th, IEEE4 (2004), 2789–2793.
7.
Z.Haas and M.Pearlman, The zone routing protocol: A hybrid framework for routing in ad hoc networks, (2001) ad hoc networking.
8.
V.Hnatyshin, M.Ahmed, R.Cocco and D.Urbano, A comparative study of location aided routing protocols for manet, In: Wireless Days (WD), 2011IFIP, IEEE (2011), 1–3.
9.
P.Jacquet, P.Muhlethaler, T.Clausen, A.Laouiti, A.Qayyum and L.Viennot, Optimized link state routing protocol for ad hoc networks, In: Multi Topic Conference, 2001. IEEE INMIC 2001. Technology for the 21st Century. Proceedings. IEEE International, IEEE, 2001, pp. 62–68.
10.
R.H.Jhaveri and N.M.Patel, Mobile ad-hoc networking with aodv: A review, International Journal of Next-Generation Computing6(3) (2015).
11.
D.B.Johnson, The dynamic source routing protocol for mobile ad hoc networks, (2003). draft-ietf-manet-dsr-09 txt
12.
C.Junyan, L.Cheng, X.Huagang and C.Youzi, An efficient location-aided link state routing protocol for manets, In: Information Science and Engineering (ICISE), 2010 2nd International Conference on, IEEE, 2010, pp. 1827–1830.
13.
Y.B.Ko and N.H.Vaidya, Location-aided routing (lar) in mobile ad hoc networks, Wireless Networks6(4) (2000), 307–321.
14.
H.C.Liao and C.J.Lin, A position-based connectionless routing algorithm for manet and wimax under high mobility and various node densities, Information Technology Journal7(3) (2008), 458–465.
15.
M.Mauve, J.Widmer and H.Hartenstein, A survey on position-based routing in mobile ad hoc networks, Network, IEEE15(6) (2001), 30–39.
16.
N.Meghanathan, Location prediction based routing protocol for mobile ad hoc networks, In: Global Telecommunications Conference, 2008. IEEE GLOBECOM 2008. IEEE (2008), 1–5. IEEE.
17.
M.A.Mikki, Energy efficient location aided routing protocol for wireless manets (2009), arXiv preprint arXiv:09090093
18.
R.Nagwani and D.S.Tomar, Mobility prediction based routing in mobile adhoc network using hidden markov model, International Journal of Computer Applications59(1) (2012).
19.
C. Perkins, E. Belding-Royerand S. Das, Ad hoc on-demand distance vector (aodv) routing, Tech. rep.
20.
P.Phoummavong, K.Utsu, C.O.Chow and H.Ishii, Location-aided route discovery mechanism based on two-hop neighbor information for ad hoc network, The Journal of Supercomputing72(3) (2016), 1201–1214.
21.
A.Quintero, H.Castro, et al., A location routing protocol based on smart antennas for ad hoc networks. Journal of Network and Computer Applications30(2) (2007), 614–636.
22.
A.G.Shaji, N.Hemrajani and M.Kaushik, Energy aware multipath location aided routing for manet, International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security14(12) (2016), 308.
23.
T.F.Shih and H.C.Yen, Location-aware routing protocol with dynamic adaptation of request zone for mobile ad hoc networks, Wireless Networks14(3) (2008), 321–333.
24.
H.Vijayakumar and M.Ravichandran, Efficient location management of mobile node in wireless mobile ad-hoc network, In: Innovations in Emerging Technology (NCOIET), 2011 National Conference on, IEEE (2011), 77–84.
25.
W.Yi, D.Liang, T.Liang, Y.Xinyu and D.Zhang, Cluster based location-aided routing protocol for large scale mobile ad hoc networks, IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems92(5) (2009), 1103–1124.
26.
P.Kalaivani, G.Sathya and N.Senthilnathan, Dynamic Data Routing in manet using position based opportunistic Routing Protocol, International Journal of research in computer Applications & Robotics (IJRCAR)2 (2014), 12.
27.
K.D.Lakshmi and R.Ramesh, Energy efficient position based opportunistic routing protocol for MANETS, International Journal of Computer Science andNetwork Security (IJCSNS)14(6) (2014), 31.
28.
N.S.Kavitha, P.Malathi, J.M.Philip and S.Pravinth Raja, Performance analysis of efficient position-based opportunistic routing for MANET. In: Shetty N., Patnaik L., Prasad N., Nalini N. (eds), Emerging Research in Computing, Information, Communication and Applications. ERCICA2016 (2018), Springer, Singapore.
29.
R.R.Colletti and R.M.de Moraes, Evaluation of link lifetime for the random waypoint mobility model, Networks (ICON)2013 19th IEEE International Conference on, 2013, pp. 1–5.
30.
A.Pramanik, B.Choudhury, T.S.Choudhury, W.Arif and J.Mehedi, Behavioral study of Random Waypoint Mobility Model based energy aware MANET. In Signal Processing and Integrated Networks (SPIN), 2016 3rd International Conference on, IEEE, 2016, pp. 624–629.
