An Independent Study of the Preclinical Efficacy of C2-8 in the R6/2 Transgenic Mouse Model of Huntington's Disease

Abstract

Background: C2-8 is a small molecule inhibitor of polyglutamine aggregation and can reduce photoreceptor neurodegeneration in a Drosophila model of Huntington's disease (HD). Further preclinical studies have shown that oral administration of C2-8 in R6/2 HD transgenic mice can penetrate into the brain, reduce mHTT-exon1 aggregation, improve motor performance and diminish striatal neuron atrophy. Objective: In this independent preclinical study, we aimed to evaluate the pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic efficacy of C2-8 intraperitoneal (IP) delivery in the R6/2 HD mouse. Methods: R6/2 mice were IP injected with low dose C2-8 (10 mg/kg), high dose C2-8 (20 mg/kg), or vehicle twice daily from 3 weeks to 3 months old. Longitudinal behavioral tests (accelerating Rotarod and wire-hang) were performed to evaluate the motor deficits, and neuropathology was measured by unbiased stereology. Results: We confirmed that the compound has good blood-brain-barrier penetration after acute or sub-chronic intraperitoneal delivery. Chronic treatment with C2-8 in R6/2 mice results in a significant reduction of nuclear mHTT aggregate volume in the brains, replicating a key finding of C2-8 as a polyglutamine aggregation inhibitor in vivo. However, by comparing HD mice with C2-8 treatment to those with vehicle treatment, we were unable to demonstrate significant amelioration of motor deficits using Rotarod and wire-hang tests. Moreover, we did not observe improvement in the striatal neurodegenerative pathology, as measured by brain weight, striatal volume, and striatal neuron volume in the C2-8 treated R6/2 mice. Conclusions: Our study supports the practice of independent preclinical studies for novel molecules in HD therapeutic development and suggests that the use of alternative delivery strategies and full-length HD mouse models are likely needed to further assess whether the aggregate-inhibiting properties of C2-8 can be consistently translated into a preclinical benefit in HD mice.