Electromagnetic simulation and electromagnetic safety characteristics analysis of implantable medical devices in wireless charging processes

Abstract

In recent years, wireless charging technology for electric vehicles has received increasing attention. Existing research has been limited to the safety of specific body parts in the electromagnetic environment of wireless charging for electric vehicles, with insufficient consideration for the overall human body and the electromagnetic safety of implanted medical devices. In order to assess its safety in the electromagnetic environment more comprehensively, a three-dimensional electromagnetic simulation software based on the finite element method is used to construct models of the human body and implanted medical devices in the electromagnetic environment of wireless charging for electric vehicles. The study aims to investigate the impact of this electromagnetic environment on the human body and implanted medical devices. The results indicate that, except for the maximum magnetic induction of 0.47 $\mu$ T at the ankle, which exceeds the limit, the magnetic induction intensity and electric field strength in important tissue areas, especially the upper trunk of the human body, are both below the safety limits specified by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) guidelines. For implanted cardiac pacemakers, the effective and peak magnetic field strengths are 13.7 A/m and 19.4 A/m, respectively, when the coil input power is 22 kW, meeting the relevant magnetic field strength requirements. The maximum temperature rise of the pacemaker is 3.2 $\times$ 10^-3∘C, and there are no significant changes in the temperature of the major organs in the human body after the implantation of the pacemaker. The thermal effects of electromagnetic waves on the temperature rise caused by implanted cardiac pacemakers have minimal impact on the human body.