Effects of irrigation intervals and foliar application of amino acids and humic acid on the physiological traits of strawberries under colored shading nets
Restricted accessResearch articleFirst published online June 17, 2022
Effects of irrigation intervals and foliar application of amino acids and humic acid on the physiological traits of strawberries under colored shading nets
The strawberry is an important commercial crop, the improvement of its yield and quality is an imperative task.
OBJECTIVE:
The present research aimed to study the effect of colored netting and foliar application of amino acids on the physiological characteristics of strawberries subjected to different irrigation intervals.
METHODS:
The study was carried out as a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three factors including colored net at 4 levels (no netting, green, red, and yellow netting), organic acids at 4 levels (control, humic acid, glutamine, and arginine), and three levels of irrigation intervals (2, 4, and 6 days) in the greenhouse of Lahijan Agricultural Research Station, Iran.
RESULTS:
The results showed that the highest leaf number, shoot weight, chlorophyll and carotenoid content were related to yellow netting. The highest fruit yield, anthocyanins, and flavonoids were observed in the treatments of no-netting, green netting, and red netting, respectively. Data for the effect of organic acids showed that the glutamine-treated plants exhibited the highest yield, the humic acid-treated plants displayed the highest anthocyanin and carotenoid content, and the arginine-treated plants demonstrated the highest vitamin C content. The irrigation interval of 6 days caused to the lowest leaf number, flower and fruit number, shoot weight, fruit yield, and carotenoid content. Data for the trilateral effect of ‘netting×organic acid×irrigation’ showed that the highest flower number and fruit yield were obtained from ‘green netting×glutamine×4 days’, the highest anthocyanin content was obtained from ‘green netting×humic acid×2 days’, and the highest chlorophyll content was obtained from ‘green netting×control×6 days’. The treatment of ‘yellow netting×control×2 days’ was related to the highest flavonoid content.
CONCLUSIONS:
The application of colored nets provides the strawberry with more optimal vegetative and reproductive growth.
RaoV, SwamyGSK. Evaluation of strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) genotypes for morphological characters under shade house. Int J Curr Microbiol Appl Sci. 2017;6(9):1861–1864.
2.
RohloofJ. Impact of agriculture and environmental factors of strawberry. Eur J Plant Sci Biotech. 2011:17–34.
3.
LiH, LiT, GordondRJ, AsieduaSK, HuK. Strawberry plant fruiting efficiency and its correlation with solar irradiance, temperature and reflectance water index variation. Environ Exp Bot. 2010;68:165–174.
4.
ShahakY, GussakovskyEE, CohenY, LurieS, SternR, KfirS, NaorA, AtzmonI, DoronI, Greenblat-AvronY, ColorNets: A new approach for light manipulation in fruit trees. Acta Hortic. 2004;636:609–616.
5.
ShahakY, KonY, RatnerK. The wonders of yellow netting. Acta Hortic. 2016;1134.43:327–334.
6.
IlićZ, MilenkovicL, DurovkaM, KapoulasN. The effect of colorshade nets on the greenhouse climate and pepper yield. In: Sym.Proceed. 46th Croation and 6th Inter Sym Agric, Opatija. 2011:529–533.
7.
TinyanePP, SivakumarD, van RooyenZ. Influence of photo-selective shade nettings to improve fruit quality at harvest and during postharvest. South African avocado growers Association Year Book. 2015;38.
8.
TeitelM, LironO, HaimY, SeginerI. Flow through inclined and concertina-shape screens. Acta Hortic. 2008;801:99–106.
9.
ShahakY. Photo-selective netting for improved performance of horticultural crops. A review of ornamental and vegetable studies in Israel. Acta Hortic. 2008;770:161–168.
10.
IlićSZ, MilenkovićL, ŠunićL, FallikE. Effect ofcolored shade-nets on plant leaf parameters and tomato fruitquality. J Sci Food Agric. 2015;95:2660–2667.
11.
IlićSZ, MilenkovićL. The influence of photoselective shadenets on quality of tomatoes grown under a plastic tunnels and fieldconditions. In: Book of Proceed. The 4th Joint UNS – PSUInter Conf BioScience Biotech Biodiv. 2012:25–34.
12.
TinyanePP, SivakumarD, SoundyP. Influence of photo-selective netting on fruit quality parameters and bioactive compounds in selected tomato cultivars. Sci Hortic. 2013;161:340–349.
13.
SelahleMK, SivakumarD, SoundyP. Effect of photoselective nettings on postharvest quality and bioactive compounds in selected tomato cultivars. J Sci Food Agric. 2014;94(11):2187–2195.
14.
GorenA, Alkalai-TuviaS, PerzelanY, AharonZ, FallikE. Photoselective shade nets reduce postharvest decay development in pepper fruits. Adv Hort Sci. 2011;25:26–31.
15.
ShahakY. Photoselective netting: an overview of the concept, research and development and practical implementation in agriculture. Acta Hortic. 2014;1015:155–162.
16.
WangY, FoltaKM. Contributions of green light to plant growth and development. Am J Bot. 2013;100(1):70–78.
17.
ArazmjoA, HeidariM, GhanbariA, SiahsarB, AhmadianA. Effects of three types of fertilizers on essential oil, photosynthetic pigments, and osmoregulators in chamomile under drought stress. Env Stresses Crop Sci. 2010;3(1):23–33.
18.
SchmidtN, ZinkernagelJ. Model and growth stage based variability of the irrigation demand of onion crops with predicted climate change. Water. 2017;9:693.
19.
Hosseini FarahiM, AboutalebiAH, EshghiS, DastyaranM, YosefiF. Foliar Application of Humic Acid on Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of ’Aromas’ Strawberry in Soilless Culture. Agric Commun. 2013;1(1):13–16.
20.
EkhvaiaJ, AkhalkatsiM. Morphological variation and relationships of Georgian populations of Vitis viniferaL. subssylvestris (CC Gmel) Hegi. Flora Morphol Distrib Funct Ecol Plant. 2010;205(9):608–617.
21.
SinhaB, BhattacharyyaK. Retention and release isotherm of arsenic inarsenic–humic/fulvic equilibrium study. Biol Fertil Soils. 2011;47:815–822.
22.
RaeisiM, FarahaniL, PalashiM. Changes of qualitative and quantitative properties of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) under foliar spraying through amino acid. Int J Biosci. 2014;4(1):463–468.
23.
Abd El-RazekE, SalehMMS. Improve productivity and fruit quality of Florida prince peach treesusing foliar and soil applications of amino acids. Middle East J Sci Res. 2012;12(8):1165–1172.
24.
RadkowskiA, RadkowskaI. Influence of foliar fertilization with amino acid preparations on morphological traits and seed yield of timothy. Plant Soil Env. 2018;64:209–213.
25.
TakeuchiM, ArakawaC, KuwaharaY, GemmaH. Effects of l-proline foliar application on the quality of ‘Kosui’ Japanese pear. Acta Hortic. 2008;800:549–554.
26.
CaoJX, PengZP, HuangJC, YuJH, LiWY, YangLX, LinZJ. Effect of foliar application of amino acid on yield and quality of flowering Chinese cabbage. Chinese Agric Sci Bull. 2010;26:162–165.
27.
MohamedA, BakryA, SolimanYRA, MoussaSAM. Importance of micronutrients, organic manure and bio-fertilizer for improving maize yield and its components grown in desert sandy soil. Res J Agric Biotechnol Sci. 2009;5(1):16–23.
28.
MartI. Fertilizers, organic fertilizers, plant and agricultural fertilizers. Agro Food Bus Newsl. 2007:1–4.
29.
AmeriA, TehranifarA. Effect of humic acid on nutrient uptake and physiological characteristic Fragaria ananassa cv. Camarosa. J Biol Environ Sci. 2012;16:77–79.
30.
KlamkowskiK, TrederW. Responseto drought stress of three strawberry cultivars grown under greenhouse conditions. J Fruit Ornam Plant Res. 2008;16:179–188.
31.
MazumdarBC, MajumderK. Methods on physcochemical analysis of fruits. University College of Agriculture, Calcutta. 2003:136–150.
32.
HumadiSS, IstudorV. Quantitative analysis of bio-active compound in Hibiscus sabdariffa extracts. Note quantitative analysis of flavonoids. Farm. 2008;6:669–707.
33.
KelinBP, PerryAK. Ascorbic acid and vitamin A activity in selected vegetables from different geographical areas of the United State. J Food Sci. 1982;47:941–945.
34.
BastíasR, Corelli-GrappadelliL. Light quality management in fruit orchards: physiological and technological aspects. Chil J Agric Res. 2012;72:574–581.
35.
AbbasniaZareSK, SedaghathoorS, PadashtMN, HashemabadiD. The effect of different colored netting on quantitative and qualitative traits of two foliage plant species (Codiaeum variegatum and Aglaonema commutatum). Adv Hortic Sci. 2020;34(1):25–33.
36.
Kumar GauravA, RajuDVS, JanakiramT, SinghB, JainR, Gopala KrishnanS. Effect of different coloured shade nets on production and quality of Cordyline. Indian J Agric Sci. 2016;86(7):865–9.
37.
AsadiaghdamO, TabatabaeiSJ, HajilouJ. Effect of partial root zone drying on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of strawberry (Fragaria ananassa cv. Selva). J Crop Prod Process. 2013;3(8):73–81.
38.
OvadiaR, DoriI, Nissim-LeviA, ShahakY, Oren-ShamirM. Colored shade nets influence the stem length, time to flower and flower size of ornamental crops. J Sci Hortic Biotechnol. 2009;84:161–166.
39.
TakedaF, GlennDM, CallahanA, SlovinJ, StutteGW. Delaying flowering in short-day strawberry transplants with photoselective nets. Int J Fruit Sci. 2010;10:134–142.
40.
RahimiT, HasanpourDarvishiH, NooralvandiT, MozafariH. The effect of drought stress on morphological characteristics of Iranian chamomile landraces under drain wastewater. Env Stresses Crop Sci. 2013;5(1):47–55.
41.
LiH, LascanoRJ, BookerJ, WilsonLT, BronsonKF, SegarraE. State-space description of field heterogeneity: Water and nitrogen use in cotton. Soil Sci Soc Am J. 2002;66:585–595.
42.
SreevalliY, BaskaranK, ChandrashekaraR, KuikkarniR, SuShil HasanS, SamreshD, KukreJ, AshokA, Sharmr SinghK, SrikantS, RakeshT. Preliminary observations on the effect of irrigation frequency and genotypes on yield and alkaloid concentration in periwinkle. J Medic Arom Plant Sci. 2001;22:356–358.
43.
FatenSA, ShaheenAM, AhmedAA, MahmoudAR. Effect of foliar application of amino acids as antioxidants on growth, yield and characteristics of Squash. Res J Agric Biol Sci. 2010;6:583–588.
44.
SimsekM, ComlekciogluN. Effects of different irrigation regimes and nitrogen levels on yield and quality of melon (Cucumis melo L.). African J Biotech. 2011;10(49):10009–10018.
45.
ShahakY, GalE, OffirY, Ben-YakirD. Photoselective shade netting integrated with greenhouse technologies for improved performance of vegetable and ornamental crops. Acta Hortic. 2008;797:75–80.
46.
BushraR, TayyabH, RiazuddinSH. Genomic approaches and abiotic stress tolerance in plants. PP. 1-37. In: Ahmad, P. (Ed.), Emerging Technology and Management of Crop Stress Tolerance, Elsevier. 2014.
47.
GregorioG, AntonioD, VincenzoV, RoccoZ. Effects of photoselective colour nets on the vegetative, productive and qualitative behavior of kiwifruit, Jintao cultivar. J Berry Res. 2021;11(1):1–19.
48.
Hosseini FarahiM, DastyaranM, YousefiF. Effect of polyamines (PAs) and humic acid (HA) on growth, yield and concentration of mineral elements in shoot and root of strawberry. Iranian J Hortic Sci Technol. 2017;18(2):209–220.
49.
GhaderiN, NourmohammadiS, JavadiT. Morpho-physiological responses of strawberry (Fragaria×ananassa) to exogenous salicylic acid application under drought stress. J Agric Sci Technol. 2015;17:167–178.
50.
Gine-BordonabaJ, TerryLA. Manipulating the taste-related composition of strawberry fruits (Fragaria×ananassa) from different cultivars using deficit irrigation. Food Chem. 2010;122:1020–1026.
51.
KoukounarasA, TsouvaltzisP, SiomosAS. Effect of root and foliar application of amino acids on the growth and yield of greenhouse tomato in different fertilization levels. J Food Agr Environ. 2013;11(2):644–648.
52.
AwadM, WagenmakersP, JagerA. Effect of light on flavonoid and chlorogenic acid levels in the skin of ‘Jonagold’ apples. Sci Hortic. 2001;88:289–298.
53.
AbbasniaZareSK, SedaghathoorS, PadashtMN, HashemabadiD. The effect of light variations by photoselective shade nets on pigments, antioxidant capacity, and growth of two ornamental plant species: marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) and violet (Viola tricolor). Cogent Food Agric. 2019;5:1–16.
54.
MiaoL, ZhangY, YangX, XiaoJ, ZhangH, ZhangZ, WangY, JiangG. Colored light-quality selective plastic films affect anthocyanin content, enzyme activities, and the expression of flavonoid genes in strawberry (Fragaria×ananassa) fruit. Food Chem. 2016;207:93–100.
55.
AhmadYM, ShahlabyEA, ShnanNT. The use of organic and inorganic cultures in improving vegetative growth, yield characters and antioxidant activity of roselle plants (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.). African J Biotech. 2011;10(11):1988–1996.
56.
JiangY, HuangN. Drought and heat stress injury to two cool-season turfgrasses in relation to antioxidant metabolism and lipid peroxidation. Crop Sci. 2001;41:436–442.
57.
IlićSZ, MilenkovićL, ŠunićL, FallikE. Effect ofshading by colour nets on plant development, yield and fruit qualityof sweet pepper grown under plastic tunnels and open field. Zemdirbyste Agric. 2017;104:53–62.
58.
SoltaniF, HaddouA, Jahan JudgeNJ. Effect of glutamine, citric acid and malic acid on growth indices and Glycyrrhiza glabra morphology quality. J Cell Mol Biol. 2017;14:5–15.
59.
FaroukS, YoussefSA, AliA. Exploitation of bio stimulants and vitamins as an alternative strategy to control early blight of tomato plants. Asian J Plant Sci. 2012;11(1):36–43.
60.
KongY, AvrahamL, RatnerK, ShahakY. Response of photosynthetic parameters of sweet pepper leaves to light quality manipulation by photoselective shade nets. Acta Hortic. 2012;956:501–506.
61.
SanjariMijaniM, SirousMehrAR, FakhriBA. Effect of drought stress and humic acid on some physiological properties of (Hibiscus gossypifoliusL.). J Cro. 2014;17(2):403–417.
62.
FerraraG, PacificoA, SimeoneP, FerraraE. Preliminary study on the effects of foliar applications of humic acids on ‘Italia’ table grape. Oeno One. 2008;42:79–87.
63.
SadatRastiSaniM, LahoutiM, GanjealiA. Effect of drought stress on some morphophysiological traits and chlorophyll fluorescence of red bean seedlings (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Iranian J Pulse Res. 2014;5(1):103–116.
64.
ButheleziMND, SoundyP, JifonJ, SivakumarD. Spectral quality of photo-selective nets improves phytochemicals and aroma volatiles in coriander leaves (Coriandrum sativum L.) after postharvest storage. J Photoch Photob B Biol. 2016;161:328–334.
65.
HargreavesJC, AdlMS, WarmanPR. The effects of municipal solid waste compost and compost tea on mineral element uptake and fruit quality of strawberries. Compost Sci Util. 2009;17(2):85–94.
66.
AminifardMH, AroieeH, AziziM, NematiH, JaafarHZ. Effect of humic acid on antioxidant activities and fruit quality of hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). J Herbs Spices Med Plants. 2012;18(4):360–369.
67.
KulkarniAP, AradhyaSM. Chemical changes and antioxidant activity in pomegranate arils during fruit development. Food Chem. 2005;93:319–324.
68.
TopuzA, OzdemirF. Assessment of carotenoids, capsaicinoids and ascorbic acid composition of some selected pepper cultivars (Capsicum annuumL.) grown in Turkey. J Food Compos Anal. 2007;20:596–602.
69.
ZonouriM, JavadiT, GhaderiN. Effect of foliar spraying of ascorbic acid on cell membrane stability, lipid peroxidation, total soluble protein, ascorbate peroxidase and leaf ascorbic acid under drought stress in grapes. Int J Adv Biol Biomed Res. 2014;2:349–354.
70.
DolatabadianA, ModarresSanavyS, SharifiM. Effect of water deficit stress and foliar application of ascorbic acid on antioxidants enzymes activity and some biochemical’s changes in leaves of grain corn (Zea maize l.). Iranian J Biol. 2009;22(3):407–422.
